晚清史书编纂体例从传统到近代的转变——以汉译西史《万国通鉴》和东史《支那通史》、《东洋史要》为中心

发布时间：2018-02-03 11:45

本文关键词： 《万国通鉴》《支那通史》《东洋史要》史书编纂体例章节体　出处：《河北学刊》2010年02期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：史书编纂体例是对历史如何进行组织安排的一种形式,是中国史学史研究的重要方面。晚清是中国史书编纂体例发生重要转变的时代,史书编纂上最关键的变化是引入了章节体。以往学者在讨论章节体史书时,或以为该体例是传统纪事本末体的逻辑发展,或认为是以日本东洋历史教科书为蓝本的。在晚清史书编纂体例变化的过程中,事实上存在着一个由卷章段体到章节体转变的过程。其中有诸多转变的环节。本文认为最早的卷、章、段合成的史书体例出现于19世纪八十年代引进的外国史书体例中,其中第一环节为美国传教士谢卫楼编译的《万国通鉴》,该书卷章段体例是影响后来章节体史书的一个重要过渡环节,是最为接近于后来章节体的史书之一,为后来国人接受日本学者以章节体所编纂的中国通史作了重要的铺垫。第二环节为上海东文学社出版的那珂通世《支那通史》和桑原骘藏的《东洋史要》,两书引入了较为成熟的章节体史书体例和较早采用了历史分期法,首次向中国人展示了一种编写中国历史教材的崭新形式,即不仅可以章节体的形式,而且以历史时期划分来还原中国历史的本相。中国史家柳诒徵和夏曾佑等在重新思考与改造传统史书编纂形式的过程中,都直接或间接地借鉴了日本章节体中国通史的形式。
[Abstract]:The style of compilation of historical books is a form of organizing and arranging history and an important aspect of the study of the history of Chinese historiography. The late Qing Dynasty was the era of important changes in the style of compilation of Chinese historical books. The most crucial change in the compilation of historical books is the introduction of the chapter style, which was considered by scholars to be the logical development of the traditional chronicle. Or think it is based on Japanese oriental history textbook. In the late Qing Dynasty history compilation style changes. In fact, there is a process of transformation from volume section to chapter body. Among them, there are many changes. This paper thinks that the earliest volume, chapter. The synthetic style of historical books appeared in the style of foreign history books introduced in 1880s, the first link of which was compiled by Xie Weilou, an American missionary. The style of the book's volume and chapter is an important transitional link to influence the later chapters, and it is one of the most close to the later chapters. The second link is the general history of ** published by Shanghai East Literature Society and the History of the Orient by the stallion of Sangyuan. The two books introduced a more mature style of chapters and history books and used the method of historical staging earlier, showing the Chinese for the first time a new form of compiling Chinese history textbooks, that is, not only the form of chapters. Chinese historians Liu Yizheng and Xia Zengyou are in the process of rethinking and reforming the traditional forms of historical compilation. Both directly and indirectly draw lessons from the form of Chinese general history in Japanese chapters.
【作者单位】：复旦大学历史系;
【分类号】：K092
【正文快照】： 中国传统历史撰述的题材种类很多,白寿彝《中国史学史》第一册中有一个概括,称主要的不过五种,即编年体、传记体(即纪传体)、典志体、纪事本末体和记言体[1](P266—267)。18世纪时,章学诚已提出改进历史编撰方法的主张,他认为传统史书占统治地位的纪传体,存在着难以反映史事

【参考文献】