危难救助者法律救济制度研究

发布时间：2018-01-15 19:02

本文关键词：危难救助者法律救济制度研究　出处：《西北大学》2009年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 笔者拟用规范的法律用语——“危难救助行为”来替代目前法学界广泛讨论的“见义勇为行为”,以区分于道德规范中的“见义勇为行为”,避免仅对“见义勇为行为”做道德评价和精神褒扬,而物质救济不足,实现法律对“危难救助行为”的规范、调整和保护,从而为危难救助者提供有效的救济途径,更好地保障其合法权益。除引言外,全文共分为三部分: 第一部分,讨论了道德层面上的见义勇为行为和法律层面上的危难救助行为,并在理论上对两者进行区分。同时,具体分析了危难救助行为的四个构成要件,即危险正在发生,具有紧急性;无法定或约定的义务;行为人具有利他性意图;行为人须为具有一定意思能力的自然人;存在合法救助行为。第二部分,分私法、公法和社会法三个层次介绍了危难救助者法律救济制度的现状,并相应地分析了它们在弥补救助者损失方面的不足。第三部分是关于危难救助者法律救济制度的重构,包括私法救济、公法救济和社会法救济三个方面。基于危难救助行为的防止侵害性和无因管理性,危难救助者可以依据相关民法制度获得损害赔偿或补偿;基于危难救助行为的行政协助性,危难救助者可以依据行政法上的相关规定获得国家补偿和国家奖励;此外,基于社会法原理,危难救助者还可依据相关社会法规定获得医疗救助和社会优抚。其中,私法救济是第一位的,当危难救助者的损失通过私法途径不能获得全部赔偿或补偿时,先由医疗机构对救助者进行医疗救助,再由国家对救助者进行补偿和奖励。国家补偿是危难救助者法律救济的最后保障。
[Abstract]:The author intends to replace the "act of righteous courage", which is widely discussed in the field of law at present, with the normative legal term "the act of rescue in distress", in order to distinguish it from the "act of courage of righteousness" in moral norms. Avoid only doing moral evaluation and spiritual praise to "act of righteous courage", but the material relief is insufficient, realize the regulation, adjustment and protection of the law to "the behavior of rescue in distress". In order to provide an effective remedy for the rescue victims, better protect their legitimate rights and interests. In addition to the introduction, the full text is divided into three parts: The first part discusses the moral level of the act of righteous action and the legal level of rescue behavior, and in theory to distinguish the two. At the same time, the specific analysis of the four constitutive elements of the act of rescue in distress. That is, the danger is happening, and it is urgent; An obligation that cannot be established or agreed upon; The actor has altruistic intention; The perpetrator must be a natural person with a certain capacity of interest; There is a lawful act of rescue. In the second part, the author introduces the current situation of the legal relief system for rescuers in three levels: private law, public law and social law, and analyzes their deficiencies in making up for the loss of rescuers. The third part is about the reconstruction of the legal relief system, including private law relief, public law relief and social law relief. A person who is in distress may receive compensation or compensation for damages in accordance with the relevant civil law system; Based on the nature of administrative assistance in the rescue of distress, the rescuer may be compensated and rewarded by the state according to the relevant provisions of the administrative law. In addition, based on the principle of social law, people in distress can also obtain medical assistance and social benefits according to the relevant social law. Among them, private law relief is the first. When the loss of the rescuer can not get all the compensation or compensation through private law, the medical institution first carries on the medical aid to the rescuer. The state compensates and rewards the rescuers.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D90-053

【引证文献】