论法律中的“苦与乐”

发布时间：2018-01-19 07:17

本文关键词： 苦乐观功利主义自然权利　出处：《西南政法大学》2010年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 柏拉图的《法律篇》是柏拉图晚年关于政治、法律的一篇著名对话。《法律篇》中蕴含着丰富的法哲学思想,是柏拉图为理想中的法治城邦设计法律的一个蓝图。杰里米·边沁是19世纪英国著名的哲学家、法学家、政治学家和经济学家,功利主义的主要代表。边沁作为功利主义思想的代表人物,其思想影响扩展到哲学、经济学和法学,在法律方面尤其对于当时英国的法律改革起到了重要的推动作用。柏拉图是古典自然权利论的重要代表人物,边沁基于他的功利主义激烈地反对自然权利论,但柏拉图的《法律篇》和边沁有着许多共同面对的问题,诸如对基本人性的分析、论述等等,其中就有对人类基本感觉——“苦乐”问题的共同关照。对这些有共通性的问题进行比较研究,往往能够以小见大,使我们从各种不同的角度更加深刻地把握其背后法哲学思想。本文正是选取了“苦乐观”角度来对边沁的思想和柏拉图在《法律篇》中表达的思想进行了分析比较研究。文章首先阐述了“苦乐观”问题的重要性及其与法律哲学之间的关系;然后依次对本文的比较对象《法律篇》和边沁的思想进行了概括性阐述,从整体上把握二者的“苦乐观”思想和法律思想;最后,文章又从二者独具特色的“苦乐观”中选取了若干个具有可比性的比较点做了详细的分析、论证。第一部分是全文的引言,主要论述了两个问题,第一个问题是“苦乐问题”的重要性,第二个问题是法律与“苦乐观”的密切联系以及论证法律与苦乐观问题的必要性和意义。在这个部分中,主要选择了思想史上论述苦乐问题的思想家的著名言论,并加以简单点评,凸显出“苦乐观”的重要性。然后将在法学中考察“苦乐观”的意义与作用作了一番详细的论证。第二部分是关于柏拉图《法律篇》中“苦乐观”思想的论述。这个部分简单地对《法律篇》的文本做了一个梳理,着重凸显出论述“苦乐观”的段落和片段,并在其中穿插了对柏拉图“苦乐观”思想的分析和评论。在最后做出了对柏拉图“苦乐观”鲜明的自然权利论“苦乐观”思想进行了一个总结。第三部分是对边沁思想中“苦乐观”思想的论述。在这个部分中对其功利主义色彩鲜明的“苦乐观”有详细的论述。在本部分中,本文结合“功利主义”的理论背景,把握住其“苦乐观”独特的理论内涵,对之做了一个完美的总结。本文的核心在于第四部分。这一部分主要是对于二位思想大家各自“苦乐观”思想的比较。文本共发掘出了四个主要的不同点,包括理论背景、内容、以及法律思想和立法等数个方面,详尽地展现了柏拉图和边沁二人基于不同的“苦乐观”对二者各自心目中的完美法律蓝图的描绘。结语部分比较简单,再次重申了本文的写作目的和意义。
[Abstract]:Plato's "Law" is a famous dialogue about politics and law in Plato's later years. Jeremy Bentham was a famous British philosopher, jurist, political scientist and economist in 19th century. Bentham, as the representative of utilitarianism, whose influence extends to philosophy, economics and law. Plato was an important representative of the classical theory of natural rights, Bentham strongly opposed the theory of natural rights based on his utilitarianism. But Plato's Law and Bentham have many common problems, such as the analysis of basic human nature, exposition and so on. Among them, there is a common concern for the basic feeling of human beings-"bitter pleasure". The comparative study of these common problems can often be seen through a small part of the whole. It makes us grasp the philosophy of law behind it more deeply from different angles. This paper chooses "bitter optimism". From the perspective of Bentham's thought and Plato's thought expressed in the legal chapter, the author makes a comparative study. Firstly, the paper expounds the importance of "bitter optimism" and its relationship with the philosophy of law. Then, the author generalizes the comparative object of this paper, "legal text" and Bentham's thought, and holds their "bitter optimism" thought and legal thought as a whole. Finally, the article selects several comparative points from their unique characteristics of "bitter optimism" to make a detailed analysis and demonstration. The first part is the introduction of the full text, mainly discusses two problems, the first problem is the importance of "the problem of happiness". The second problem is the close relationship between law and "bitter optimism" and the necessity and significance of proving the problem of law and optimism. It mainly chooses the famous comments of thinkers who discuss the problem of bitterness in the history of thought, and makes a brief comment on it. The importance of "bitter optimism" is highlighted, and then the significance and function of "bitter optimism" in law are discussed in detail. The second part is about Plato's thought of "bitter optimism" in the legal discourse. This part simply combs the text of "Law Chapter", and highlights the paragraphs and fragments of "bitter optimism". In the end, the author makes a summary of Plato's "bitter optimism". The third part is the "bitter optimism" in Bentham's thought. In this part, there is a detailed discussion on the "bitter optimism" which has a bright utilitarian color. In this part. Combined with the theoretical background of utilitarianism, this paper grasps its unique theoretical connotation of "bitter optimism" and makes a perfect summary of it. The core of this paper is 4th parts. This part is mainly about the comparison of the two thoughts of "bitter optimism". The text has discovered four main differences, including the theoretical background, content. As well as several aspects such as legal thought and legislation, it shows in detail the depiction of the perfect legal blueprint of Plato and Bentham on the basis of different "bitter optimism". The conclusion is relatively simple and reiterates the purpose and significance of this thesis.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D90

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