欧盟环境责任研究

发布时间：2018-02-09 13:49

本文关键词： 欧盟环境责任环境损害恢复环境　出处：《中国政法大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：经过长达20余年的立法过程,欧盟于2004年出台了《关于预防和补救环境损害的环境责任2004/35/CE号指令》,建立了环境责任制度。欧盟环境责任并不是字面意义上的环境法律责任,而是欧盟针对环境损害建立起来的一种以恢复环境为主要救济手段的行政责任机制。而环境损害仅仅指环境本体的损害,具体包括保护物种和自然栖息地损害、水体损害、土壤损害,排除了传统的人身损害和财产损害。这种特殊责任机制的确立并非欧盟的本意,欧盟原本是希望建立一个涵盖人身损害、财产损害和环境损害的民事责任机制,但是来自企业界和成员国的阻力过大,使得欧盟被迫转变了立法思路和目的。欧盟的环境责任制度只适用于环境损害,且不适用于大气污染等分散性损害。欧盟环境责任机制提供了两种归责原则,对于明确列举的危险活动造成的环境损害规定了严格责任,而对于未列举的行为造成的保护物种和自然栖息地损害适用过错责任。欧盟环境责任要求成员国确定主管机关负责环境责任的执行。在责任承担方式上,首先适用预防损害和修复环境,其次才适用损害赔偿。同时欧盟还规定了环境责任中的公众参与和金融保障措施等辅助性手段,保障环境责任制度的实施。然而欧盟环境责任制度也存在不足,其规定的模糊性和重要内容的留白,使得其在执行过程中遇到许多困难。我国目前正处在环境事故的高发期,欧盟环境责任确立的对于环境损害的救济制度正是我国所缺失的。目前我国的环境法学理论中还没有独立的环境损害概念,导致请求环境事故造成的环境本体损害赔偿缺乏法律基础。另外我国也没有建立起针对环境损害的救济措施和求偿制度,而我国学界力推的以公益诉讼救济环境损害的设想,还有很多不足之处。所以学习欧盟,建立一个针对环境损害的行政救济制度,成为我国未来完善环境法律责任制度的一个可行选择。
[Abstract]:After more than 20 years of legislative process, in 2004, the European Union issued the Environmental liability Directive 2004 / 35 / CE on preventing and remediation of environmental damage, which established the environmental liability system. The EU environmental responsibility is not literally environmental legal liability. It is an administrative liability mechanism established by the European Union to restore the environment as the main relief means, and environmental damage only refers to the damage of the environmental ontology, including the damage to the protection of species and natural habitat, the damage to the water body, and the damage to the water body. Soil damage, excluding the traditional personal injury and property damage. The establishment of this special liability mechanism was not the intention of the European Union, which originally wanted to establish a civil liability mechanism covering personal injury, property damage and environmental damage. But too much resistance from business and member states forced the EU to change its legislative thinking and purpose. The EU environmental liability system only applies to environmental damage and does not apply to dispersed damage such as air pollution. The EU environmental liability mechanism provides two principles of imputation. Establishing strict liability for environmental damage caused by clearly listed hazardous activities, The EU environmental liability requires member States to determine that the competent authority is responsible for the enforcement of environmental liability. In terms of the manner of liability, First, prevention of damage and repair of the environment, and secondly, compensation for damage. At the same time, the EU also provides for public participation and financial safeguards in environmental liability. However, the environmental responsibility system of the European Union also has some shortcomings. The ambiguity of its provisions and the whiteness of its important contents make it difficult to carry out the environmental responsibility system. At present, China is in a period of high incidence of environmental accidents, and the relief system for environmental damage established by EU environmental liability is precisely lacking in our country. At present, there is no independent concept of environmental damage in the theory of environmental law in our country. There is no legal basis for the compensation for environmental damage caused by environmental accidents. In addition, there is no relief measure and compensation system for environmental damage in China, and the idea of relief of environmental damage by public interest litigation is strongly promoted by the academic circles in our country. Therefore, learning from the European Union and establishing an administrative relief system for environmental damage has become a feasible choice for our country to perfect the environmental legal liability system in the future.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D95

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