日本铁路沿线居民诉国土交通大臣案评析

发布时间：2018-02-10 04:04

本文关键词： 铁路票价定价权行政诉讼中的适格原告行政行为的合法性铁道事业法禁止垄断法　出处：《湖南大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：2013年，东京地方法院审理了一起行政诉讼案件。涉案私营铁路公司在经被告国土交通大臣的认可后提高了电车票价。5名原告系铁路沿线的普通居民，因不满高票价和不合理的票价设置，以国土交通大臣对提高票价等作出的各项行政认可处分违反《铁道事业法》为由提起了行政诉讼，请求撤销各项行政认可处分。东京地方法院虽然承认了起诉者在部分诉讼请求中的原告资格，但最终驳回了原告所有诉讼请求。原告不服，提起上诉。2014年2月，东京高等法院作出二审判决：驳回上诉，维持原判。案件的争议焦点主要有两个：一是5名原告是否属于本案适格原告，二是被告国土交通大臣作出的各项行政认可处分是否合法。关于争点一，5名原告因该行政处分而受到了利益侵害，该利益在《铁道事业法》的保护范围之内，且该法可以视作将它作为个别利益来加以保护，，符合行政诉讼原告资格三要件，因此为本案适格原告。关于争点二，国土交通大臣对本案各线路使用条件及票价上涨作出的行政认可处分违反了《铁道事业法》第15条和第16条，且极不合理，法院作出的判决有待商榷。此外，两家涉案铁路运输企业的行为还有可能构成日本《禁止垄断法》中的“滥用优势地位”和“不当差别对价”。若原告以两家企业违反《禁止垄断法》为由提起反垄断诉讼，可能会得到不一样的判决结果。
[Abstract]:In 2013, the Tokyo District Court heard an administrative case involving a private railway company that raised tram fares by 5. 5 ordinary residents along the railway line after being approved by the defendant, the Minister of Land and Transportation. Dissatisfied with the high ticket price and unreasonable fare setting, the Minister of Land and Transportation filed an administrative lawsuit on the grounds that the various administrative sanction against the Minister of Land and Transportation for raising the ticket price was in violation of the Railway undertakings Law. Tokyo District Court, although recognizing the plaintiff's qualification in some of the claims, ultimately rejected all the plaintiff's claims. The plaintiff pleaded not guilty and filed an appeal. February 2014, The Tokyo High Court handed down its second instance judgment: dismissed the appeal and upheld the original judgment. The main controversy in the case was two: first, whether the five plaintiffs were eligible plaintiffs in the case, Second, whether the administrative sanction made by the defendant, the Minister of Land and Transportation, is legal. About the dispute, five plaintiffs were infringed on their interests as a result of the administrative action, which is within the scope of protection under the Railway undertakings Law. Moreover, the law can be regarded as protecting it as an individual interest, which meets the three requirements of the plaintiff's qualification in administrative litigation, so it is suitable for the plaintiff in this case. The administrative sanction taken by the Minister of Land and Transportation on the conditions of use of the various lines and the increase in fares in this case is in violation of articles 15 and 16 of the Railway undertakings Act and is extremely unreasonable. The decision of the court remains open to question. The actions of the two railway transport enterprises involved may also constitute "abuse of dominant position" and "improper differential consideration" in Japan's "Prohibition of Ridge cutting Law". If the plaintiff files an antitrust lawsuit on the grounds that the two enterprises violated the "Prohibition of Ridge determination Law," A different verdict may be obtained.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D931.3;DD915

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