关于韩国宪法修改中总统制的问题探讨

发布时间：2018-02-12 10:00

本文关键词： 宪法修改总统制议员内阁制单任制连任制　出处：《延边大学》2009年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 总统制是资产阶级民主共和国的一种政权组织形式,与议会内阁制相对称,指由选民分别选举总统和国会,由总统担任国家元首,同时担任政府首脑的制度。实行总统制的国家,在宪法中都规定了总统的职权。美国是最早实行总统制的国家。它实行立法、司法、行政三权分立并互相制衡的制度。与议会内阁制相比较,总统制的特点是以总统为行政首脑,行政机关从属于总统而非议会。在总统制下,总统独立于议会之外,定期由公民直接或间接选举;总统只向人民负责,不对议会负责。有些国家虽然也设总统,但总统只是国家元首,不兼任政府首脑,内阁由议会产生,只对议会负责。这种情况不属总统制。韩国宪法规定的三权分立原则和总统中心制,基本上是仿照美国的模式,但与美国又有所不同,美国是设副总统,不设国务总理,副总统协助总统工作,韩国是设国务总理,不设副总统,国务总理协助总统工作,组成以总统为首的国务会议来审议属于政府权限范围内的重要政策。由此可见,韩国的总统制与法国的总统制相似。韩国总统制与其他国家的总统制相比有其独特之处,这可能与韩国宪法修改的历史以及国家的经济发展等因素有关。因此,本人从韩国宪法修改的历史沿革着手研究韩国的总统制。本人从不同的视觉角度出发对韩国总统制进行深入研究。本人先从历史学角度出发对韩国总统制的历史沿革进行研究。并进一步阐述韩国总统制的必要性。其次,从理论和实际相结合的角度对韩国总统制的现状进行分析,进而以比较法学的角度从对美国和韩国的比较中理出韩国总统制在实践中存在的问题。最后,在以宪法学的角度借鉴韩国各界学者的主张,总结出韩国总统制的发展趋势的几点设想。本人希望通过本文不仅对韩国宪法制度及其历史发展作出较系统的总结,以便于往后在研究韩国宪法时能有所帮助
[Abstract]:The presidential system is a form of political organization in the bourgeois Democratic Republic, which is symmetrical to the parliamentary and cabinet system. It refers to the election of the President and the National Assembly by the voters, and the election of the President as the head of State. The power of the president is stipulated in the constitution. The United States was the first country to implement the presidential system. It implements legislation and administration of justice. A system of separation of powers and checks and balances between the executive authorities. Compared with the parliamentary cabinet system, the presidential system is characterized by the President being the head of the executive, the executive being subordinate to the President and not the Parliament. Under the presidential system, the President is independent from the Parliament. Periodic direct or indirect elections by citizens; the President is accountable only to the people and is not accountable to the Parliament... in some countries, although there are also presidents, the President is only the head of State and does not concurrently serve as head of Government, and the Cabinet is elected by Parliament. Only to Parliament. This is not a presidential system. The principle of separation of powers and the presidential center system stipulated in the South Korean Constitution are basically modelled on the US model, but they are different from those of the United States. The United States has a vice president, no state prime minister, and the vice president assists the president in his work. South Korea is a state prime minister. Without a Vice President, the Prime Minister of State assists the President in his work by forming a Council of State headed by the President to consider important policies that fall within the purview of the Government. The presidential system in South Korea is similar to the presidential system in France. The presidential system in South Korea has its own unique features compared with those of other countries, which may be related to the history of the revision of the Korean Constitution and the economic development of the country. I started to study the presidential system of Korea from the historical evolution of the amendment of the Korean Constitution. I studied the Korean presidential system from different visual angles. First, I studied the history of the Korean presidential system from the perspective of history. And further elaborated the necessity of the Korean presidential system. Secondly, This paper analyzes the present situation of the Korean presidential system from the angle of combining theory with practice, and then, from the perspective of comparative law, finds out the problems existing in the practice of the Korean presidential system from the comparison between the United States and South Korea. Finally, From the point of view of constitutionalism, this paper sums up some tentative ideas of the development trend of the presidential system in South Korea from the viewpoint of Korean scholars from all walks of life. I hope this paper will not only make a more systematic summary of the Korean constitutional system and its historical development, so as to facilitate the future study of the Korean Constitution can be helpful.
【学位授予单位】：延边大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：DD911;D931.26

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