法实证主义的理论根基

发布时间：2018-02-28 23:11

  本文关键词： 法实证主义 人类形象 事实与价值 方法论　出处：《苏州大学》2009年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 法实证主义的理论根基主要体现在三个方面:一是法实证主义的思想史根源;二是法实证主义赖以存立的“人类形象”的建构;三是法实证主义的方法论特质。 休谟和康德的认识论说明了法实证主义所强调的实证性乃是知识的实证性,从而区别于社会法学派的社会的实证性和历史法学派的历史的实证性。霍布斯则在主权和实在法之间建立了内在关联,从而为主权概念作为法实证主义理论中的核心概念奠定了基础。在坚实的历史渊源之上,法实证主义者从各自不同的立场出发,通过不同方法的采用,对其理论所赖以存立的“人类形象”的建构也存在着深刻的不同,从边沁、奥斯丁的功利化的个人到凯尔森的符号意义上的个人,再到哈特的去功利化的个人,法实证主义所建构“人类形象”在“个人”的理念下不断地改变。基于历史和“人类形象”的双重基础,最能够体现和捍卫法实证主义的理论根基的,乃是法实证主义自身所具有的方法论特质。这一方法论特质以事实与价值的分离和法律作为一个封闭的逻辑自足体为前提预设,以学者们所采用的不同方法为基本展开。边沁、奥斯丁的理想语言方法和一般功利方法捍卫了他们的价值无涉的基本立场;凯尔森的纯粹方法和先验论证方法以及哈特的日常语言方法和描述社会学方法在捍卫了他们价值中立的立场;由于采用了上述不同的方法,学者们之间的理论也是存在着深刻的差异的,比如在规范的基础和规范的联结方式上就存在着诸多不同。
[Abstract]:The theoretical foundation of legal positivism is mainly embodied in three aspects: first, the idea of legal positivism; Shi Genyuan, the two is the construction of "human image" based on legal positivism; the three is the methodological characteristics of legal positivism.
Hume and Kant's epistemology that empirical positivism emphasizes is empirical knowledge, which is different from the empirical social law school social empirical and Historical School of law history. Hobbes is in between sovereignty and positive law and make a correlation, thus the concept of sovereignty as the core concept of law positivism laid the foundation. On the history of solid, legal positivists starting from their different positions, by using different methods, the construction of the theory on the existence of "human image" has profoundly different from Bentham, Austen's symbolic significance of utilitarian person to Kelsen's personal, then to Hart to the utilitarian person, legal positivism to construct "human image" change constantly in the "personal" under the concept of "based on the history and people. 绫诲舰璞♀，

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