美国国会对外贸易权限制度研究

发布时间：2018-03-01 15:21

本文关键词： 美国国会对外贸易权限制度　出处：《中南大学》2010年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 在人类历经战争的腥风血雨而获得和平与发展的大环境下,经济全球化进一步提升了经济关系在国家之间的地位与作用。美国作为当今世界唯一的超级大国,其法律制度就像它的科学技术一样受到世界的关注与重视,具有着重要的研究与借鉴价值。随着中美贸易关系的不断扩张与深入,美国对华贸易政策日渐受到我国政府和学术界关注。其中美国国会在国际贸易政策的制定与实施过程中所发挥的决定性作用更是不容忽视。在对外贸易政策体制中,美国国会起着“参与者”、“监督者”和“限制者”的多重角色,宪法赋予它的权力与它行使权力过程中所受到的限制是以往研究成果未能引起足够重视的问题。美国国会作为美国国家的最高权力机构,宪法赋予了它最高的权力与地位,使之在美国外贸体制中具有着重要的地位与作用,对国际贸易特别是中美经济关系发挥着不可忽视的影响。美国国会对外贸易权限制度历经独享对外贸易权限及与美国总统分享对外贸易权限的历史发展过程,主权在民理论、分权制衡理论、有限政府理论及宪政理论等等理论学说为其产生和发展提供了丰厚的理论基础。美国国会对外贸易方面的权力主要包括立法权、财权、监督权、批准权、授予权。美国国会在行使对外贸易权力时主要受到宪法、行政机构、司法复审与判例及民间力量的限制。这些内容和特点在PNTR议案中都得到了生动的体现。
[Abstract]:In the great environment of peace and development for mankind after a bloody war, economic globalization has further enhanced the position and role of economic relations among nations. The United States is the only superpower in the world today. Its legal system, like its science and technology, has attracted the attention and attention of the world and has important research and reference value. With the continuous expansion and deepening of Sino-US trade relations, The United States trade policy towards China has been paid more and more attention by the Chinese government and academic circles. The decisive role played by the United States Congress in the process of making and implementing international trade policy should not be ignored, especially in the foreign trade policy system. The United States Congress has many roles of "participant", "supervisor" and "limiter", The power conferred on it by the Constitution and the restrictions it has been subjected to in the course of its exercise are problems that have not been paid enough attention to by previous research results. As the supreme authority of the United States State, the Constitution has given it the highest power and status. To make it play an important role in the foreign trade system of the United States. It has played an important role in international trade, especially in Sino-US economic relations. The system of foreign trade authority in the United States Congress has experienced the historical development of exclusive foreign trade authority and sharing foreign trade authority with the President of the United States, and sovereignty lies in the theory of the people. The theory of separation of powers and checks and balances, the theory of limited government and the theory of constitutionalism provide a rich theoretical basis for its emergence and development. The powers in foreign trade of the United States Congress mainly include legislative power, financial power, supervisory power, approval power, etc. The United States Congress is mainly restricted by the constitution, administrative agencies, judicial review and precedents, and private forces in the exercise of foreign trade powers. These contents and characteristics are vividly embodied in the PNTR bill.
【学位授予单位】：中南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D971.2;DD912.29;F757.12

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