法治意识探析

发布时间：2018-03-05 14:18

本文选题：法治意识　切入点：内涵　出处：《西南政法大学》2009年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 依法治国,构建法治社会是中华民族的既定目标。在这一目标的指引下,改革开放三十多年的法制建设取得了巨大的成就。然而,当下中国的法治进程中的诸多现象和事实均表明了法治社会构建的缓慢、曲折和艰难,其根本原因之一还是作为社会主体的公民法律意识的淡薄和非科学的法治意识,非科学的法治意识内在地阻滞了中国法治社会进程。法治意识属于法律意识的范畴,也是理论法学中的一个极其重要的问题,是法治社会构建中的核心环节。鉴于法治意识作为一种法文化观念因素在当下中国法治进程中的作用,就有必要对法治意识进行深入的探讨和分析,以期公民、政府生成科学的法治意识,促进法治社会的构建。本文除了引言和结语外,共分为四个部分。第一部分为法治意识概述。本部分的逻辑顺序是逐个讨论意识、法律意识和法治意识,并将重点放在对“法治意识”这一概念的内涵和外延的界定。指出法治意识从属于法律意识,但有其自身的特点。其次,为进一步理解法治意识,分析了法治意识的层次与结构,即:外在形式层面的法律认知和内在价值层面的法律评判、法律情感、法律(治)理念、法治信仰。在明确上述的基础上归纳得出法治意识的特点,并尝试解析规范的法治意识的概念。第二部分为法治意识的主要内涵分析。这是本文的重点,也是接上一部分概述后对法治意识的深入分析。本文认为法治意识的内涵主要是社会主体的公民意识、规则意识和宪政意识三个方面,其中公民意识是法治的基础前提,可以说社会主体无公民意识就没有法治;而规则意识是法治的核心要素,也是法治的必然要求,现代法治中的正义、理性观念,本身就内在地包含了对规则治理的认同,而正义、理性的实现也离不开规则治理,离不开规则意识;法治不仅是政府依法治理社会,更是社会依法控制政府的权力,而宪政意识最能体现权利保护和权力控制,是法治社会的根本要求,所以本文认为宪政意识是法治意识中的最高层次。最后,就当下中国社会主体的公民意识、规则意识和宪政意识的现实状况进行简单的分析。第三部分探析了法治意识的历史源头及其生成规律。本部分分别选取了从古希腊、古罗马时期、中世纪、文艺复兴与近代西方几个时期梳理了法治的源头和演进,分析法治和法治意识的历史脉络,以正本清源,并进一步分析得出法治意识生成的规律,以期对国人法治意识的生成和进化起借鉴作用。第四部分为法治意识的功能及其生成途径的思考。这也是本文的重点所在。首先从立法、司法和守法三个方面分析了法治意识的功能、作用,并从传统法律文化、政府权力异化和司法的不独立导致权力型司法和司法公信力下降三个方面出发,指出当前社会主体法治意识进化过程中的消极阻滞因素,从而得出中国在法治社会进程中应该破除臣民意识、权谋意识,确立公民意识和规则意识,并实现从宪法意识到宪政意识的升华,为实现良好的法治秩序和构建中国法治社会奠定精神基础。在研究方法上,本文主要从法社会学的角度,采用历史分析法、功能分析法、比较分析法和社会实证分析法对法治意识的内涵进行探析,并借助于政治科学的实证方法、描述与分析相结合的方法,从政治学、政治文化与社会文化等多个方面对法治意识及其理论构架进行中国化的设计,以达到对现代法治意识的深层解析和把握,从而有助于我国公民规范的法治意识的培育。本文的结论是:现代法治意识、观念在一个民族、一个国家迈向法治的进程中,将起到举足轻重的作用。而法治意识的主要内涵应该(但不仅仅)包括社会主体的公民意识,这是法治社会的基础前提;公民的规则意识,这是法治的核心要素;和公民的宪政意识,这是法治意识的最高层次。只有加深对法治意识的认识,使公民、政府形成科学的、规范的法治意识,并发挥法治意识的积极的、能动的功能和作用,从意识、观念层面推动中国法治进程,才能进一步推动中国实质法治进程。
[Abstract]:The rule of law, building the rule of law is the target of the Chinese nation. In this goal under the guidance of reform and opening up thirty years of legal construction has made great achievements. However, the current Chinese the rule of law in the process of many phenomena and facts indicate that the construction of the rule of law is slow, twists and turns, one of the basic reasons or as citizens' legal consciousness of the social main body is weak and non scientific law consciousness, law consciousness inherent non scientific block China law. Legal consciousness legal consciousness belongs to the category of the theory of law, is also a very important problem, is the core of rule of law society. In view of the consciousness of rule of law as a concept of law in the present China cultural factors in the process of rule of law, it is necessary to discuss and analyse the consciousness of rule of law, in order to citizens, the government is generated The scientific consciousness of the rule of law promotes the construction of the rule of law society.
In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this paper is divided into four parts.
The first part is an overview of the consciousness of rule of law. The logical order of this part is to discuss each consciousness, legal consciousness and legal consciousness, and will focus on defining the connotation of the concept of "rule of law" consciousness and extension. The consciousness of rule of law is the legal consciousness, but has its own characteristics. Secondly, in order to further understand the the consciousness of rule of law, analyzes the level and structure of the legal consciousness of the rule of law, legal evaluation, cognitive level and the intrinsic value of the external form aspects of the legal emotion and legal philosophy, belief in the rule of law (rule). Based on the aforesaid summarized characteristics of the rule of law, and try to analyzing the concept of the rule of law consciousness.
The second part analyzes the main connotation of the consciousness of rule of law. This is the focus of this paper, is also connected to a part of the consciousness of rule of law. This paper argues that the in-depth analysis of the connotation of consciousness of rule of law is the social subject of civic awareness, three aspects of awareness of the rules and the constitutionalism consciousness, citizen consciousness is the basic premise of the rule of law, it can be said no social subject citizen consciousness is not rule; and awareness of the rules is the core element of the rule of law, but also the inevitable requirement of the rule of law in modern rule of law, justice, rationality, itself inherently contains the rules governing the identity, justice, rational realization also cannot do without the rules of governance, cannot do without the awareness of the rules the rule of law; not only is the government according to the law of social governance, it is the society according to the control power of the government, and the constitutionalism consciousness can best embody the protection of the rights and power control is the basic requirement of the rule of law, so this paper. The consciousness of constitutionalism is the highest level in the rule of law consciousness. Finally, a brief analysis is made of the current situation of Chinese citizens' awareness of citizenship, rule consciousness and constitutionalism consciousness.
The third part is about the historical origin and formation of the consciousness of rule of law. This part were selected from ancient Greece, ancient Rome, medieval, Renaissance and modern western period combing the origin and evolution of the rule of law, historical analysis, rule of law and the rule of law to reform, and further analysis of the consciousness of rule of law the law. The generation and evolution of people's consciousness of the rule of law will play a role.
The fourth part is about the function of the consciousness of rule of law and its way of formation. This is also the focus of this paper. First, from the three aspects of the legislative, judicial and law-abiding consciousness of the rule of law analyzes the function, role, and from the traditional legal culture, the alienation of power and judicial independence and judicial power to the judicial credibility in three aspects of view, pointed out that the current social subject consciousness of the rule of law in the evolution of the negative block factors, so that Chinese should get rid of the subject consciousness in the rule of law in the process of political consciousness, establish the citizen consciousness and awareness of the rules, and implement the constitution from the awareness of constitutionalism consciousness sublimation, to achieve a good law and order construction and lay the spiritual foundation of China law society.
In research methods, this article mainly from the perspective of Sociology of law, using the method of historical analysis, functional analysis, comparative analysis and Empirical Analysis on the connotation of social law consciousness of legal analysis, empirical method and with the help of the political science, method of description and analysis of the combination, from politics, political aspects culture and social culture etc. the design of China to the consciousness of rule of law and the theory framework, in order to achieve the modern rule of law consciousness and grasp the deep analysis, which is helpful to foster the citizen of our country the rule of law consciousness.
The conclusion is that the modern consciousness of the rule of law, in the concept of a nation, a country towards the rule of law in the process, will play a pivotal role. The main connotation of the consciousness of rule of law should be (but not only) including citizen awareness of the social subject, this is the basic premise of the rule of law; the citizens awareness of the rules, this is the core elements of the rule of law; and the constitutionalism consciousness, which is the highest level of awareness of the rule of law. Only to deepen the understanding of the consciousness of rule of law, the citizens, the government has formed a scientific, normative legal awareness, awareness of the rule of law and play a positive role, function and dynamic, from consciousness, promote the process of the rule of law concept Chinese, in order to further promote the Chinese substantive rule of law process.

【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D920.0

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