德国利他合同及对中国的借鉴

发布时间：2018-03-05 14:22

本文选题：德国利他合同制度　切入点：缔约人的意图　出处：《中国政法大学》2009年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 两大法系各主要国家大都承认了利他合同是对合同相对性原则的突破,并相继将利他合同制度确立为基本合同制度。对于利他合同,中国民法的理论界与立法实践有明显步调不一致现象。虽然中国民法理论界主流观点已承认利他合同是对合同相对性原则的突破,也认为利他合同中第三人的直接请求权是直接从合同中取得;但在我国的立法实践中却仍对利他合同持保守态度,即使在《合同法草案》中利他合同已被纳入,但最终的生效版本还是将利他合同摒弃,以致我国的现行法一直没有对利他合同的一般规定。此外,有些学者一方面承认第三人直接依据合同取得权利,但主张第三人独立请求权的行使条件是第三人做出接受的意思表示,其实质是对利他合同的理解还停留在“承诺说”的理论上。因此我们有必要对利他合同制度的第三人权利取得问题进行详细分析。立法上的过于保守态度会影响先进理论制度在经济社会生活中发挥积极作用。这种状况的形成,根本原因在于我们对形成于西方的制度或原理的起源认识不清。本文通过对民法发达的德国利他合同制度进行探讨,从理论和立法两个层面进行考察,对利他合同制度的正当性进行分析,并在此基础上对利他合同在中国的本土化提出建议,以期明确利他合同在中国的法律地位、赋予合同利益第三人独立请求权,对完善中国的合同制度以及未来民法典的制定提供参考。
[Abstract]:Most of the major countries in the two major legal systems have recognized altruistic contracts as a breakthrough of the principle of relativity of contracts, and have successively established the altruistic contract system as the basic contractual system. Although the mainstream view of Chinese civil law theory has recognized that altruistic contract is a breakthrough to the principle of relativity of contract, It is also believed that the direct claim of the third party in the altruistic contract is obtained directly from the contract, but in the legislative practice of our country, the altruistic contract is still conservative, even though the altruistic contract has been included in the draft contract Law. However, the final effective version still rejects the altruistic contract, so that the current law of our country has no general provisions on altruistic contract. In addition, some scholars on the one hand admit that the third party acquires the right directly under the contract. However, the condition for the third party to exercise its independent claim is that the third party makes an expression of intention to accept it. Its essence is that the understanding of altruistic contract is still confined to the theory of "commitment theory", so it is necessary for us to analyze in detail the problem of obtaining the rights of the third party in the altruistic contract system. Too conservative a legislative attitude will affect the positive role of advanced theoretical systems in economic and social life. The fundamental reason is that we do not have a clear understanding of the origin of the institutions or principles formed in the West. This paper explores the German altruistic contract system, which is developed in the civil law, from the two aspects of theory and legislation. On the basis of analyzing the legitimacy of altruistic contract system, the author puts forward some suggestions on localization of altruistic contract in China, in order to clarify the legal status of altruistic contract in China and endow the third party with independent claim right. To perfect China's contract system and the formulation of the future civil code to provide a reference.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D956.1;D923.6

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