美国一审死刑案件量刑程序研究

发布时间：2018-03-08 09:32

本文选题：死刑　切入点：量刑　出处：《中国政法大学》2010年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 美国是当今唯一一个保留死刑的西方发达国家。虽然美国各个司法辖区的死刑存废情况以及与死刑相关的程序制度各不相同,但从总体上看,美国通过宪法规则、成文法和判例法对死刑程序进行了严格规制,以此避免死刑的任意适用,同时确保对死刑案件的被告人进行个别化考量。本文以美国一审死刑案件量刑程序为研究对象,以美国宪法、判例法与成文法为研究范围,结合当今的司法实践情况,重点论述了区别于非死刑量刑程序的美国一审死刑案件量刑程序中的特色制度。本文共分为五章。第一章首先介绍了美国死刑问题现状,并从理论与实践角度阐释了美国死刑存废之争的争议焦点,随后说明了美国宪法对死刑案件的程序规制以及现代死刑诉讼制度确立的历程。第二章重点论述了美国一审死刑案件的量刑主体,阐释了死刑案件的陪审员必须具备死刑适格特征以及生存适格特征,并通过对相关判例法以及成文法的梳理说明了死刑案件的陪审员在量刑阶段享有裁判权以及法官在死刑案件量刑程序中对陪审团作出指导的必要性。第三章围绕美国一审死刑案件的量刑情节与量刑步骤展开论述,首先介绍了量刑加重情节与减轻情节,特别分析了被告人的潜在社会危险性与被害人影响陈述这两个特殊的加重情节,之后说明了一审死刑案件的量刑程序分为死刑适格判断与刑罚选择程序两个步骤,最后结合司法实践中的实际情况阐述了一审死刑案件量刑过程中的陪审团指示问题。第四章主要探讨了美国一审死刑案件量刑程序中的律师帮助问题,阐释了律师帮助权这种宪法权利的内涵、死刑案件辩护律师的指定以及特殊职业要求,并且结合判例法具体分析了判断律师有效辩护的标准与方法,最后列举了部分确定有效辩护内容与标准的文件。第五章重点介绍了美国死刑案件被告人自愿接受死刑判决这一现象,具体考察了被告人自愿接受死刑判决的适格条件标准与程序,指出了现行标准与程序的不足,展望了处理被告人自愿接受死刑判决问题的新动向。
[Abstract]:The United States is the only Western developed country to retain the death penalty today. Although there are differences in the existence or abolition of the death penalty and the procedural systems related to the death penalty in various jurisdictions of the United States, generally speaking, the United States has adopted constitutional rules. The statute law and case law strictly regulate the death penalty procedure in order to avoid the arbitrary application of the death penalty and at the same time to ensure that the defendants of the death penalty case are considered individually. This paper takes the sentencing procedure of the death penalty case in the United States as the research object. Taking the United States Constitution, case law and statute law as the research scope, and combining with the current judicial practice, this paper focuses on the characteristic system of the sentencing procedure of the first instance death penalty cases in the United States, which is different from the non-death penalty procedure. This paper is divided into five chapters. The first chapter introduces the current situation of the death penalty in the United States, and explains the controversial focus of the debate on the existence and abolition of the death penalty in the United States from the perspective of theory and practice. Then it explains the procedural regulation of death penalty cases in the United States Constitution and the course of establishing modern death penalty litigation system. The second chapter focuses on the sentencing subject of the death penalty cases of first instance in the United States. It is explained that jurors in death penalty cases must possess the characteristics of death penalty suitability and survival suitability. By combing the relevant case law and statutory law, the author explains that jurors in death penalty cases have jurisdiction in sentencing stage and the necessity for judges to give guidance to jurors in sentencing procedures in death penalty cases. Chapter three focuses on the necessity of giving guidance to jurors in death penalty cases. The circumstances and steps of sentencing of death penalty cases in the United States of first instance are discussed. First of all, it introduces the aggravating circumstances of sentencing and the mitigating circumstances, especially analyzes the potential social danger of the accused and the statement of the victim's influence, which are two special aggravating circumstances. After that, it explains that the sentencing procedure in the death penalty case of first instance is divided into two steps: the appropriate judgment of the death penalty and the procedure of selecting the penalty. Finally, combined with the actual situation in the judicial practice, this paper expounds the jury instruction in the sentencing process of the death penalty cases of first instance. Chapter 4th mainly discusses the problem of the lawyer's help in the sentencing procedure of the first instance death penalty cases in the United States. This paper expounds the connotation of the constitutional right of lawyer's right to help, the assignment of defense counsel in death penalty cases and the special professional requirements, and analyzes the standard and method of judging lawyer's effective defense in combination with case law. Finally, the paper enumerates some documents that determine the contents and standards of effective defense. Chapter 5th focuses on the phenomenon that the defendants in death penalty cases in the United States voluntarily accept the death penalty sentence. This paper specifically examines the criteria and procedures of the appropriate conditions for the defendant to accept the death penalty voluntarily, points out the shortcomings of the existing standards and procedures, and looks forward to the new trend of dealing with the issue of the defendant's voluntary acceptance of the death penalty.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D971.2;DD915.3

【引证文献】