中国古代刑法文化与现代法治理念的架构

发布时间：2018-03-09 09:39

本文选题：刑法　切入点：中国古代刑法文化　出处：《青海师范大学》2009年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 在各种人类文化成果中,法律制度可谓是一种最为复杂、最为奇特的精神创造,因为法律制度往往以一种最强烈的方式,集中突出的表达一种秩序,体现一种观念。也就是说,法律制度作为国家实现其统治的基本工具,作为社会关系的重要调节器,往往以国家的强制力为后盾,对当时的社会成员做出种种要求和限制。因而,在一种法律制度中,集中反映着一个民族和一个社会的基本价值观念,也反映着当时人们对于自然、社会及人与人关系的种种看法与做法。在具体的法律制度、法律条文背后,有着极为复杂的社会思想因素。所以说,法律制度是一个国家、一个社会在一定时期内的物质生活条件的综合反映,是人类社会生活的整体折射。而社会的进步和文明的演变,使得法也从原始简单的习惯,逐渐向着结构严谨、富于哲理的模式过渡。中国古代刑法文化是指与中国古代自然经济、高度君主专制统治和宗法社会结构相适应的刑法制度以及刑法观念。在传统文化的影响下,中国古代刑法形成了它自身特点。本文通过深入总结中国古代刑法文化内涵以及从法哲学角度延伸的诸多特征入手:一是从德与法,礼与刑的关系方面研究中国古代刑法文化的起源、发展及其演变,分析古代刑法文化对中国现代法治建设所带来的正面和负面影响,并从中提炼出一些现代法治社会所需的普世性的基本理念,这对于理解中国的传统法律制度,乃至对于构建现代法治理念都大有裨益;二是通过分析比较中西方在刑法思维方面如立法基础和立法观念、法律内容和价值取向,以及司法程序和执法效果等方面的深刻差异,本着择优取用的原则,借鉴西方有关的法治思想,为建构现代法治理念提供参考。比如说,只有“法自民出”才能体现的法的公平、正义;只有“以法为本”才能体现法的尊严、权威;只有“慎用刑罚”才能体现法乃至整个社会的宽容与和谐等方面的内容,并分析得出现代法治社会必须注重“人文关怀”、“形式理性”、“实体正义”等刑法思想培养的结论,从而对法治理念的建构提供一些可供借鉴的思考。
[Abstract]:Among the various achievements of human culture, the legal system is one of the most complex and peculiar spiritual creation, because the legal system tends to express a kind of order and an idea in the strongest way. The legal system, as a basic tool for a country to realize its rule and as an important regulator of social relations, is often backed by the coercive power of the state and makes various demands and restrictions on the members of the society at that time. Therefore, in a legal system, It reflects the basic values of a nation and a society, as well as people's views and practices on nature, society and human relations at that time. There are extremely complex social and ideological factors. Therefore, the legal system is a comprehensive reflection of the material living conditions of a country and a society within a certain period of time, and the overall refraction of human social life, and the progress of society and the evolution of civilization, So that the law also from the original simple habits, gradually to the structure of rigorous, philosophical model transition. The ancient Chinese criminal law culture refers to the criminal law system and the concept of criminal law adapted to the ancient Chinese natural economy, the highly autocratic monarchy and the patriarchal social structure. Chinese ancient criminal law has formed its own characteristics. This paper begins with a deep summary of the cultural connotation of ancient Chinese criminal law and many characteristics extended from the perspective of legal philosophy: first, from the point of view of morality and law, In the aspect of the relationship between propriety and punishment, the origin, development and evolution of the ancient Chinese criminal law culture are studied, and the positive and negative effects of the ancient criminal law culture on the construction of Chinese modern rule of law are analyzed. It also abstracts some universal basic ideas which are necessary for the society of modern rule of law, which is of great benefit to the understanding of Chinese traditional legal system and even to the construction of modern concept of rule of law. Second, by analyzing and comparing the profound differences in criminal law thinking between China and the West, such as legislative basis and legislative concept, legal content and value orientation, as well as judicial procedure and law enforcement effect, etc., in line with the principle of preferential use, For example, only "law from the people" can embody the law's fairness and justice, only "taking the law as the basis" can embody the law's dignity and authority. Only "careful use of penalty" can embody the content of tolerance and harmony of law and the whole society, and draw the conclusion that modern society under the rule of law must pay attention to the cultivation of "humanistic care", "formal rationality", "substantive justice" and so on. Thus, the construction of the concept of rule of law can be used for reference.
【学位授予单位】：青海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D929;D924

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