从人际功能角度解读交叉质询中的权势关系

发布时间：2018-03-14 04:16

本文选题：人际功能　切入点：权力　出处：《西南大学》2009年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 本文分析了美国两宗著名案件(911穆萨维案件和辛普森案件)的部分交叉质询庭审记录,旨在揭示美国法庭询问中话语与权力的关系以及律师是如何通过语言对证人进行主导和控制的。法律语言学作为一门边缘学科,正逐渐吸引来自跨学科研究者们的注意。而法庭交叉质询作为整个审讯的中心,不可避免地成为法律专家和语言学家的关注焦点。近二十年来,国内外很多学者从会话分析,语用学以及批判性语篇分析等多个不同角度对法庭庭审会话进行了深入研究,并取得了较丰硕的成果。然而,他们更多的是从社会和语用的角度来观察研究交叉质询,很少有人从功能语言学层面进行研究探讨。众所周知,在法庭辩论中,律师会运用各种语言策略来引导并且控制证人,从而体现了法律专业人士和非专业人士之间有着不平衡的权力关系。因此,本文作者尝试使用韩礼德功能语法中的人际功能,对交叉质询进行解读。作为三大元功能之一的人际功能是指语言除了传递信息之外还具有表达讲话者的身份、地位、态度、动机等的功能。这一功能主要来帮助讲话者建立和维持社会关系。人际功能可以通过选择网路在词汇和语法系统中反映出来,以语气和情态等形式体现。而正如人际功能的本质所表现的,它能在法庭英语的互动(交叉质询)得到最好的体现。通过研究发现,问句、时态、情态动词和情态附加语这些语言手段对法庭会话语篇人际意义的实现起了主要作用。它们不仅能够帮助律师在质询中对证人实现某种程度的控制,还会间接对陪审团和法官产生影响。这些语言手段的使用也帮助法庭中各方建立和维持了一种特定的人际关系。本文回顾了权力、交叉质询以及在法庭交叉质询中体现权力关系的相关研究,在此基础上引入Halliday功能语法中三大元功能之一的人际功能。在人际功能的理论框架下,着重分析了穆萨维案件和辛普森案件中用来反映权力不对称关系的语言手段,从而揭示了律师和证人之间的权力关系。本论文期望能够对法庭英语,特别是交叉质询这一特定语篇研究领域有所拓展,并对于人际意义的研究有所启示。
[Abstract]:This paper analyzes the records of two famous American cases, namely, the 911 Mousavi case and the Simpson case. The purpose of this paper is to reveal the relationship between discourse and power in American court questioning and how lawyers dominate and control witnesses through language. Forensic linguistics, as an interdisciplinary discipline, is gradually attracting the attention of interdisciplinary researchers. Inevitably, it has become the focus of attention of legal experts and linguists. In the past two decades, many scholars at home and abroad have conducted in-depth research on court session from different angles, such as conversational analysis, pragmatics and critical discourse analysis. However, most of them observe and study cross-questioning from a social and pragmatic perspective, and very few people study it from the perspective of functional linguistics. As we all know, in court arguments, Lawyers use a variety of language strategies to guide and control witnesses, thus demonstrating an unbalanced power relationship between legal professionals and non-professionals. Therefore, the author tries to use the interpersonal function in Halliday's functional grammar. The cross-question is interpreted. As one of the three metafunctions, interpersonal function means that language, in addition to transmitting information, also has the identity, status, and attitude of the speaker. The function of motivation, etc. This function is designed to help speakers build and maintain social relations. Interpersonal functions can be reflected in lexical and grammatical systems through the choice of the Internet. In the form of mood and modality. And as the essence of interpersonal function, it can be best reflected in the interaction (cross-questioning) in court English. Modal verbs and modal adjuncts play a major role in the realization of interpersonal meaning in courtroom discourse. They can not only help lawyers achieve a certain degree of control over witnesses in questioning, It also has an indirect impact on juries and judges. The use of these language tools also helps parties to establish and maintain a particular interpersonal relationship in court. This paper reviews relevant studies on power, cross-questioning and power relations in court cross-questioning, and then introduces interpersonal function, one of the three metafunctions in Halliday functional grammar, under the theoretical framework of interpersonal function. This paper focuses on the analysis of the linguistic means used to reflect the asymmetrical relationship of power in the Mousavi case and the Simpson case, thus revealing the power relationship between lawyers and witnesses. In particular, cross-questioning, a specific discourse research field, has been expanded and has implications for the study of interpersonal meaning.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D90-055;H313

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