英国判例法适用原理及方法

发布时间：2018-03-31 12:07

本文选题：英国判例法　切入点：遵循先例原则　出处：《中国政法大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 当今中国司法界正致力于不断发展和完善案例指导制度,但通过何种方式发展和完善一时也众说纷纭。以此为切入点,笔者研读了英国判例法的适用原理和方法,通过研究其核心思想,分析和提取其体系中为我所用之处,并期望通过本论文为完善中国案例指导制度提供一些参考或帮助。在英国普通法体系中,判例法是其原生性的法源,在英国法律体系中处于最根本的地位。判例法的权威性来源于正义观念——相同事物应同样对待。正是以此观念为基础,产生了英国判例法制度中最为核心的制度——遵循先例原则。遵循先例原则是其司法的核心,它要求相似案件同样处理。由此又产生了先例拘束力效力等级问题以及规避制度。法官在司法实践中运用这些制度需要运用以类比为核心的不同法律推理方法。因此,笔者将按照这样的主线依次分析这些核心制度和法律推理方法,从而发现长期以来使英国判例法制度具有顽强生命力的根源所在。本文除绪论和结论部分外共分为三部分: 绪论介绍了课题的缘起和研究背景,论文的研究方法和创新点以及本文研究的目的及意义。课题研究缘起于中国致力于构建和完善案例指导制度的构想,以当下社会变化及司法审判不公现象为背景,通过原理与方法相结合、相渗透的方法论研究为创新点,探究英国判例法长期具有顽强生命力所在,以期为中国案例指导制度做出贡献。第一部分;英国判例法适用的基础——遵循先例原则首先,分析了遵循先例的理由,主要围绕遵循先例原则所具有的一系列价值进行论证。同时提出对遵循先例原则的限制。主要表现在形式条件的限制和实质条件的限制。其次,判决理由和附带意见;根据遵循先例要求,相同案件要相同处理,这就需要从先例与待决案件中寻找二者的相似之处,从先例中寻找判决的依据,也就是遵循先例中包含的判决理由。确定判决理由是进行法律推理重要工作,但在法律上没有明确的规定。因此,笔者从法理的角度论述了寻找判决理由的方法及判决理由和附带意见的区别。最后,先例拘束力原理;在英国判例法中,每一个权威性的判例都具有独自的权威性,因此,要对众多的判例权威进行排序,帮助法官优先选择某一类判例。学者对先例拘束力的划分方式各有不同,主要集中在形式意义和实质意义拘束力、拘束力强度等方面。在本文中,笔者将以法院等级标准,从横向拘束力和纵向拘束力的角度划分先例拘束力。第二部分;判例法的规避制度判例规避制度是在考虑正义公平等观念下,不再适用遵循先例原则情况下提出的另一个法律适用的理念。本文列出了判例规避制度适用的七种情况,归纳起来主要集中在两个最主要的方面——推翻技术和区分技术。笔者着重分析了推翻技术和区分技术适用的条件和限制,二者之间的区别,以及规避制度对法律发展的作用。第三部分;英国判例法的推理模式对判例法制度适用的分析。这是英国判例法法律推理不同于以普变化规范的公式化推理的重要区别点。在此,笔者提出英国判例法法律推理过程不是简单一种法律推理模式既可完成,而是演绎推理、归纳推理和类比推理共同作用的结果。演绎推理贯穿于英国判例法法律推理的整个过程,而在这个过程中又融入了归纳推理和类比推理,其中类比推理是英国判例法的方法论基石。因此,笔则首先论述了英国判例法法律推理的推理标准。其次,分别论述了演绎推理、归纳推理和类比推理的含义、推理:步骤和推理规则。同时,在各个推理过程中选取多个案例进行分析。结论;通过上述分析可知,英国判例法理论基础、法律思维和推理方法中处处蕴含着一些共同的特征:一直秉持的公平正义观念、最大限度的伸缩性和包罗性、随社会变化的适应性以及注重个案正义的灵活性。这些正是英国判例法长期具有顽强生命力的根源所在。由于这些特征的存在可以不受各个国家意识形态不同的影响,所以对于中国案例指导制度的建立和完善无疑是非常有意义的。
[Abstract]:The China judiciary is committed to the development and improvement of case guidance system, but by the way in which the development and perfection of the moment. Also Public opinions are divergent. as a starting point, the author studied the application of the principle and method of the British case law, through the study of the core idea, analyze and extract the system in use, and hope that through this paper in order to improve the China case guidance system to provide some reference and help.
In English common law, case law is the original resource in the most fundamental position in the legal system in Britain. The authority of case law comes from the concept of justice -- the same thing should be treated in the same way. Is this idea as the foundation, has the core system of case law system in the UK to follow the doctrine of precedent. The principle of precedent is the core of the justice, it requires similar cases treated in the same way. It has produced a precedent binding effective level and avoidance system. The judges in the judicial practice of using these systems need to use different methods of legal reasoning by analogy as the core. Therefore, the author will follow this line of these the core system and legal reasoning method, which found that long British case law has the root vitality.
In addition to the introduction and the conclusion part, this article is divided into three parts.
Introduction
Introduces the topic origin and the research background, research methods and innovation points of this thesis and the purpose and significance of this study. The research originated from Chinese to build and improve the concept of case guidance system, with the social changes and judicial injustice as the background, through the combination of principle and method, combination method the Research of innovation, explore the British case law has long been tenacious vitality, in order to make contributions to Chinese case guidance system.
The first part; the basis for the application of British case law -- following the precedent principle
First of all, analyze the precedent of reason, mainly focuses on a series of value principle of precedent is demonstrated. At the same time put forward the principle of precedent limits. Mainly in the form of conditions and substantive conditions. Secondly, the decision reason and incidental opinions; according to precedent, the same case to the same treatment. This requires the similarities from the precedent and pending cases for the two, looking from the precedent judgment basis, also is to follow the precedent judgment reason contained in the decision. The reason is an important work of legal reasoning, but there is no clear provisions in the law. Therefore, the author discusses the difference method to find reasons for judgment the judgment and reason from the angle of jurisprudence and incidental opinions. Finally, the binding force of precedent principle; in the British case law, every authoritative precedent has the authority alone, Therefore, to sort the numerous judicial authority, to help judges priority select a category of precedents. Scholars are divided on the binding force of precedent are different, mainly in the form of the meaning and the substance binding, binding strength and other aspects. In this paper, the author will institute Ephraim grading standards, from the lateral restraint force and the longitudinal restraint force of binding precedent.
The second part; the evasion system of case law
The case is considered in the system to avoid the concept of justice, is no longer suitable for the proposed principle of precedent case for another legal concept. This paper lists seven kinds of case circumvention system applicable to sum up, mainly concentrated in two main aspects: push over technology and technology. The author analyzes the distinction the overthrow of technical conditions and restrictions and distinguish suitable technology, the difference between the two, and avoid the system of legal development.
The third part; the reasoning model of British case law
Analysis of the case law applicable. This is an important distinction between formal reasoning in English case law legal reasoning is different from the general change specification. Here, the author proposes the British case law and legal reasoning process is not a simple model of legal reasoning can be done, but deductive reasoning, inductive reasoning and analogical reasoning is the result of joint action the whole process of deductive reasoning pervades the British case law and legal reasoning, and in the process into the inductive reasoning and analogical reasoning, the analogical reasoning is the cornerstone of methodology of English case law. Therefore, it first discusses the pen reasoning standard English case law legal reasoning. Secondly, discusses the deductive reasoning inductive reasoning and analogical reasoning, meaning, reasoning and inference rules: step. At the same time, in the reasoning process of many cases are analyzed.
Conclusion; through the above analysis, the theoretical basis of case law, legal thinking and reasoning methods in everywhere contains some common features: always uphold the idea of fairness and justice, including the maximum flexibility and the adaptation to society and pay attention to the case of justice flexibility. These are the British case law has long been the the root vitality. Because of the existence of these features can not be influenced by the different ideologies, so for the establishment and perfection of Chinese case guidance system is very meaningful.

【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D956.1

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