风险升高与风险降低

发布时间：2018-04-17 06:40

本文选题：客观归责 + 风险升高　；参考：《法律科学(西北政法大学学报)》2013年04期

【摘要】：由当代客观归责理论提出来的风险升高和风险降低理论都值得进一步反思。首先,任何与法益侵害结果具有因果关系的行为都必然在客观上升高了该结果出现的风险。其次,所谓风险降低理论实际上包含了三种应当运用完全不同的原理来加以解决的情况:第一,在"真正的风险降低"中,结果与行为之间根本不存在因果关系。第二,在行为人误认为其行为降低了风险的情形中,应从主观归责而非客观归责的角度出发排除行为的犯罪性。第三,在损害替换的情形中,应当在肯定行为符合构成要件的前提下,运用紧急避险或推定的被害人承诺的原理来探讨行为的违法性问题。最后,对于"扳道工"案件,不能以风险降低为名运用假定的因果流程来否定客观归责的成立。
[Abstract]:The theory of risk elevation and risk reduction put forward by contemporary objective imputation theory is worthy of further reflection.First of all, any behavior which has causality with the result of legal interest infringement must increase the risk of the result objectively.Secondly, the so-called risk reduction theory actually contains three situations which should be solved by completely different principles: first, in "real risk reduction", there is no causal relationship between the result and the behavior.Secondly, in the case where the actor mistakenly believes that his behavior reduces the risk, the criminal nature of the act should be excluded from the angle of subjective imputation rather than objective imputation.Third, in the case of damage substitution, the illegal nature of the act should be discussed by using the principle of emergency risk avoidance or presumed victim commitment on the premise that the act conforms to the constitutive requirements.Finally, in the case of "wrench", the hypothetical causality process can not be used in the name of risk reduction to deny the establishment of objective imputation.
【作者单位】：德国波恩大学;中国人民大学法学院;
【分类号】：D90

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