中国特色案例指导制度的构建

发布时间：2018-04-25 17:12

本文选题：案例指导制度 + 中国特色　；参考：《河北科技大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 建立案例指导制度是最高人民法院针对我国司法制度和审判制度存在的现实问题所提出的一项重大改革,对于保障法制统一,提高司法效率,节约司法资源,提高司法能力,实现司法公正,遏制司法腐败具有重要意义。最高人民法院在《人民法院第二个五年改革纲要(2004—2008)》中采用了“案例指导制度”的表述,是一种表达上的技巧,表明我们的案例指导制度有别于判例法,不是照搬判例法的做法。文字上的处理暂时搁置了许多争议,但并没有从根本上解决案例指导制度的法律定位问题。自上世纪80年代中期以来,随着人民法院审判方式改革的提出,以案例指导审判实践的学理探究日益高涨,但时至今日对于如何认识指导性案例的内涵与效力,都尚未形成统一清晰的思路。对案例指导制度的法律地位予以明确,对指导性案例的效力进行定位,是讨论案例指导制度全部问题的基石和核心。我国有着悠久的判例制度传统。建国后,最高人民法院和地方各级人民法院在运用案例指导审判工作方面进行了许多探索和实践,积累了很多宝贵的经验。构建中国特色的案例指导制度,应当借鉴英美法系判例法和大陆法系判例制度的经验,发扬我国古代判例制度的传统,吸收我国法院案例指导的宝贵实践经验,尤其是有20多年发布制度的《最高人民法院公报》的经验。诚然,建立中国特色的案例指导制度,涉及到许多观念、制度甚至体制层面的深层次变革,有许多的障碍性因素需要克服,有许多的相关理论需要探讨,有许多的配套制度需要完善。无章可循,无例可鉴,是一项前所未有的事情。案例指导制度要真正实现其价值,真正具有生命力,就应当赋予案例指导制度以司法解释的法律地位,确认指导性案例在司法审判中的拘束力,也唯有此,才能有力地促进法律的统一适用,使这一制度得以顺利运行,真正发挥其效力。对案例指导制度予以这样的定位,符合中国的国情,符合中国的司法实际,未超越全国人大常委会的授权,不仅技术上可行而且具有立法依据,同时亦有其他大陆法系国家的做法可资借鉴。本文对我国古代判例制度传统进行了简要考查,对传统判例制度中重要人物的思想进行了详述,总结了人民法院运用案例指导审判工作的实践,阐述了英美法系判例法与大陆法系判例制度对我国案例指导制度的启示,探讨了有关案例指导制度构建中法学界的理论争议,对中国特色案例指导制度进行了初步构建设计。
[Abstract]:The establishment of the case guidance system is a major reform put forward by the Supreme people's Court in view of the practical problems existing in the judicial system and the judicial system in our country. It can guarantee the unity of the legal system, improve judicial efficiency, save judicial resources, and improve judicial capacity. It is of great significance to realize judicial justice and curb judicial corruption. The expression "case guidance system" was adopted by the Supreme people's Court in the second Five-Year Reform outline of the people's Court (2004-2008), which is a technique of expression and shows that our case guidance system is different from case law. It is not the practice of copying case law. The written processing has temporarily shelved many disputes, but has not fundamentally resolved the legal position of the case guidance system. Since the mid-eighties of the last century, with the reform of the people's court's trial mode, the theoretical research on how to guide the trial practice by the case has been on the rise, but today it is necessary to understand the connotation and effectiveness of the instructive case. Have not yet formed a unified and clear ideas. It is the cornerstone and core of discussing all the problems of case guidance system to clarify the legal status of the case guidance system and to position the effectiveness of the guiding case. Our country has a long tradition of precedent system. Since the founding of the people's Republic of China, the Supreme people's Court and the local people's courts at various levels have carried out many explorations and practices in using cases to guide the trial work, and accumulated a lot of valuable experience. To construct the case guidance system with Chinese characteristics, we should draw lessons from the case law of Anglo-American law system and the case system of continental law system, carry forward the tradition of our country's ancient case system, and absorb the valuable practical experience of our country's court case guidance. In particular, there are more than 20 years to issue the system of the Supreme people's Court Bulletin, the experience. It is true that the establishment of a case guidance system with Chinese characteristics involves many profound changes in concepts, institutions and even systems, and there are many obstacles to overcome, and many relevant theories to explore. There are many supporting systems that need to be improved. No rules to follow, no rules to learn from, is an unprecedented thing. In order to realize the value and vitality of the case guidance system, it is necessary to give the case guidance system the legal status of judicial interpretation and confirm the binding force of the guiding case in the judicial trial. In order to promote the uniform application of law, this system can run smoothly and give full play to its effectiveness. Such a positioning of the case guidance system conforms to China's national conditions, conforms to China's judicial reality, and does not exceed the authorization of the standing Committee of the National people's Congress. It is not only technically feasible but also has a legislative basis. At the same time, there are other civil law countries can learn from the practice. This paper makes a brief examination of the tradition of the ancient precedent system of our country, elaborates on the thought of the important figures in the traditional precedent system, and summarizes the practice of the people's court using cases to guide the trial work. This paper expounds the enlightenment of the case law of common law system and the case system of the civil law system to the case guidance system of our country, probes into the theoretical disputes in the field of legal circles about the construction of the case guidance system, and makes a preliminary design of the case guidance system with Chinese characteristics.
【学位授予单位】：河北科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D920.4;D926.2

【引证文献】