清代河南地方司法实践研究

发布时间：2018-04-26 05:09

本文选题：司法实践 + 律例　；参考：《河南大学》2009年博士论文

【摘要】： 清代河南地方司法实践是国家政令在地方运用的过程,地方社会各阶层从自身的利益出发,对国家政令既有顺从,又有抵制,甚至公然的抗拒。但是,国家政令作为规范社会行为的制度的性质与作用得以保存,社会各阶层都是在国家法律的框架下运行的。清廷统治下的河南地方,巡抚以及州县官担负起主要的司法责任。社会各阶层寻求自己的利益,相互之间冲撞、争斗,不但造成了各种矛盾纠纷,也对体制产生作用力。具有优势的绅士豪民势力膨胀发展,基层小民则日渐贫苦破产,他们成为突破社会法律体系的重要社会力量,在与官方奉行法治的矛盾冲突中,社会趋于分化瓦解。在司法实践的过程中,各种事件都与法令相结合,形成各类型的司法事件。无论是日常事件被纳入法律程序,国家权力渗透地方事务,还是体制内的抵制活动,亦或暴力的违法行径,都是司法实践的重要内容。司法事件不仅对社会阶层有塑造作用,同时也深受各阶层的影响。河南地方司法场域的律例结构,不但蕴含着丰富的社会规则,而且在律文、定例、成案的互动过程中更具有灵活适应性。地方习俗是影响司法实践的重要因素,受到民间和官方的重视。在现有法令缺失的情况下,律例规则和地方习俗都不同程度上显露自己的优势与缺点,两者相互结合,促进法理互动下的例案创制,并且促使司法场域内知识的演进。在清代河南地方司法实践中,律例适用范围非常广,各府州县的案件相对较为均匀。同时,律例的执行效果也很明显,维护了地方的社会秩序,对地方社会发展具有推动作用。司法实践过程中,地方法令的产生、演变、发展不但对本地区产生作用,而且对国家法令产生影响。清代河南地方司法实践受到诸多因素的影响,中央集权体制是地方活动的准则,深刻干预地方的司法活动。同时,社会文化亦影响司法活动,祭祀活动对停刑的要求,教育对具有功名者的保护,都改变着司法活动的形态。司法实践的内在矛盾不但聚焦了社会发展的种种困难,同时也展现出河南地方丰富的社会生活,使得冷冰冰的执法行为,带来一定的生机活力,孕育社会变迁的动力。
[Abstract]:The local judicial practice in Henan in Qing Dynasty is the process of the national government order being applied in the local area. The local social strata, proceeding from their own interests, have both obedient, boycotted and even blatant resistance to the state decree. However, the nature and function of state decrees as a system to regulate social behavior are preserved, and all social strata operate under the framework of national laws. Under the Qing Dynasty, Henan prefectures, governors and prefectures assumed major judicial responsibilities. All social strata seek their own interests, collide with each other and struggle, which not only causes various contradictions and disputes, but also exerts force on the system. The superior gentry and the people expand and develop, and the grassroots people go bankrupt day by day. They become an important social force to break through the social legal system, and the society tends to disintegrate in the contradiction conflict with the official adherence to the rule of law. In the process of judicial practice, all kinds of events are combined with laws to form various types of judicial events. Whether the daily events are brought into the legal process, the state power permeates the local affairs, the boycott activities within the system, or the illegal acts of violence, are the important contents of the judicial practice. Judicial events not only shape the social strata, but also are deeply influenced by them. The legal structure of Henan local judicial field not only contains rich social rules, but also has more flexibility and adaptability in the interactive process of law, order and case. The local custom is the important factor which affects the judicial practice, receives the folk and the official attention. In the absence of the existing laws and regulations, the rules of law and local customs to varying degrees reveal their own advantages and disadvantages, the two combine each other, promote the case creation under the interaction of legal theory, and promote the evolution of knowledge in the judicial field. In the local judicial practice of Henan Province in Qing Dynasty, the scope of application of laws and regulations was very wide, and the cases of prefectures and counties were relatively uniform. At the same time, the enforcement effect of the laws and regulations is also obvious, which maintains the local social order and promotes the local social development. In the process of judicial practice, the emergence, evolution and development of local decrees not only have an effect on the region, but also have an impact on the state decrees. The local judicial practice in Henan in Qing Dynasty was influenced by many factors. The centralization system was the norm of local activities and deeply interfered with the local judicial activities. At the same time, the social culture also affects the judicial activities, the request of sacrificial activities to the suspension of punishment, and the protection of education to those with merit and fame, all of them change the form of judicial activities. The inherent contradiction of judicial practice not only focuses on the difficulties of social development, but also shows the rich social life in Henan, which makes the cold law enforcement action bring some vitality and give birth to the motive force of social change.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D929;K249

【引证文献】