苏联法概念在中国（1949-1958）

发布时间：2018-04-30 02:12

本文选题：跨语际 + 苏联法　；参考：《西南政法大学》2010年博士论文

【摘要】：概念是人从蒙昧迈向理性的关键元素。历史沉淀于概念之中又凭借概念表述历史。对人类而言,认识世界、驯化自然到与之和谐共生,一个关键而古老的方法就是对事物下定义。通过下定义,克服恐惧和无知；通过下定义,暂时消解惊异与好奇；通过下定义,掌握规律并获得知性的超越。而关于法的概念和定义对于一个国家法学理论以及法律实践无疑有着十分重要的意义。据此,全文以苏联法概念为起点,着重分析、论述苏联法概念在中国的阶段性发展演绎历程以及带来的启示。全文通过对这一基于具体历史语境下的分析,剖析其中形成的认同、差异、转换及创造性解读等问题。这是一些既复杂且重要的问题。说其复杂,是因为这本身就是一个跨语际的研究。由于新中国的法律思想很大程度上肇始于翻译、改写、挪用以及其它与苏联相关的跨语际实践,所以不可避免的是,这种研究就不仅仅是一个单纯的翻译上的分析。广义来讲,这种跨语际的实践就是考察新的词语、意义、话语以及表述的模式,在继受方与传播方语言的接触、冲突过程中,在继受方语言中兴起、流通并获得合法性的过程。因此,当概念从传播方语言走向继受方语言时,意义与其说是发生了“改变”,不如说是在继受方语言的本土环境中发明创造出来的；说其重要,是因为苏联法理论、法概念从20世纪50年代开始到当下之中国,仍然对中国法理论、法概念发生着路径依赖意义上的影响,同时,苏联法概念经由时间的选择、汰变已然植入中国法律传统中并成为中国法律传统的一部分,由“他者”涅磐成了“本我”。鉴于此,我们不能回避它,更不能抹去它。全文正是基于以上的立场,选取了苏联法概念在中国1950年代这一段历史,来分析苏联法概念的中国“际遇”。并试图以此来说明,学术交流并不是单纯的学者之间的某种交往,它关乎一个时代的学术环境、政治影响、社会变迁等一系列复杂的深层次问题。全文除导论和结语,文章主体部分分为四章：第一章,分析苏联法概念在本土的历史流变,即苏联法的演绎过程。文中将苏联法概念划分为以维辛斯基为标竿的前后相继的三个时期,侧重以历史为线索来考察。维辛斯基之前以库尔斯基、斯图契卡、莱斯涅尔和帕舒卡尼斯为代表,维辛斯基之后以杰尼索夫、卡列娃为代表,论述了其法理论、法概念之形成、发展和变化。同时,通过细密梳理、探知其法概念生成发展的具体原因。意欲通过三个时期的分析,来考察这些形形色色的法概念与维辛斯基的法概念的共相与差异,说明法概念的历时性与共时性的统一第二章,分析论述新中国初期植入苏联法概念、法理论的必然性和途径。苏联法理论与法概念在中国本土的传播并不是畅通无阻的。其障碍不是来源于中国过去千百年来的封建法律思想,而恰恰是来自国民党留下的的旧法统和旧法观念。两种法统、法观念的较量无异于一场争夺。为此,必须立即以“打扫干净屋子再请客”的意识扫除这个巨大的思想障碍并以此宣示和宣判旧法统旧法观念的死亡。思想障碍的扫除、具体国情的类似、意识形态的趋同、世界局势的影响无不昭示了学习苏联的必然。对苏联法概念、法理论的学习也是由此必然性而展开的。文中具体描述和分析了学习苏联法概念、法理论的多个途径,并指出对苏联法概念的植入是多个途径合力的结果。第三章是文章的重点。在此以概念的结构分析方法,探讨了苏联法概念在中国的阶段性历程。按照法理学教科书的通行模式,对定义法概念的方法论、本质元素、特征元素、经济元素、目的元素以及法的历史类型进行了细致清理。通过对构成各个元素的关键词进行历史语义学上的分析,来厘清中国在阐释苏联法概念的过程中,哪些元素的解析是对苏联原有解析的认同；哪些又在阐释中发生了转换和创造性解读。通过分析可以认为,关键词释义的变化最终导致了作为完整表述的法概念的转化与创造性解读。第四章：对苏联法概念在中国的际遇进行反思。分别从法概念的共时性与历时性问题,法概念的误读问题,法概念在翻译过程中的可译性问题以及法概念的创造性解读问题来展开论述。进一步指出,每一种意义,每一种世界图像,都处在流动和变异之中,既不能逃脱差异的游戏,也无法拒绝时间的汰变。对于任何概念而言,流动、差异和汰变不仅是历史流转的表征,而且也是学术交流的必然效应。从概念层面指出百年学术交流的得与失。结语：以法概念为元点,以“墙”作为隐喻,对中西学术交流进行反思并总结全文观点。
[Abstract]:Concept is the key element for man to move from ignorance to reason. History precipitates in concepts and expresses history by concept. For mankind, it is a key and ancient way to define the world, to domesticate nature and to be in harmony with it. There is no doubt that the concept and definition of the law are of great significance to a national law theory and legal practice by definition, and the concept and definition of the law are of great significance to a national law theory and legal practice. The full text, through the analysis of this specific historical context, analyzes the problems of identity, difference, transformation and creative interpretation. This is a complex and important question. It is complicated because it itself is a interlingual study. To a large extent, the legal thought of new China begins with a great extent. Translation, rewriting, misappropriation and other interlingual practice related to the Soviet Union, so it is inevitable that this kind of research is not only a simple analysis of translation. In a broad sense, this interlingual practice is to examine new words, meanings, words and expressions, the contact of the recipient and the communication language, the process of conflict. In the following language, the process of circulation and legitimacy is developed. Therefore, when the concept goes from the propagating language to the recipient language, the meaning is not so much as a "change". It is better to be invented in the local environment of the recipient language; it is important because the Soviet law theory, the concept of law from the twentieth Century 50. From the beginning of the year to the present, China still has a path dependence on the Chinese law theory and the concept of law. At the same time, the concept of the Soviet law has changed into the Chinese legal tradition and became part of the Chinese legal tradition through the choice of time, and the "other" Nirvana became "the original". The full text is based on the above position and selects the history of the Soviet law concept in China in 1950s to analyze the "fortune" of the concept of Soviet law in China, and to explain that academic exchange is not a kind of communication between scholars, it is related to the academic environment, political influence, and Society of an era. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the main body of the article is divided into four chapters:
The first chapter analyzes the historical evolution of the concept of Soviet law in the local history, that is, the deductive process of the Soviet law. The concept of the Soviet law is divided into three successive periods, with the history as the clue. Cools Ki, stecceca, Les Nel and Pashukanis were represented by Wei Xin. With Denisov and Kaleva as the representative, skey discussed the formation, development and change of the theory of law, the concept of law, and the concrete reasons for the development of the concept of law by careful combing. Through the analysis of the three periods, it was intended to examine the similarities and differences between these different concepts of law and the concept of vasselsky. The unity of the diachronic and synchronic of the concept of the law of the Ming Dynasty
The second chapter analyzes the inevitability and means of the introduction of the concept of Soviet law and the theory of law in the early days of the new China. The spread of the Soviet law theory and the concept of law in China is not unimpeded. Its obstacle is not from the feudal legal thought of the past thousand years in China, but it is just the old and old legal ideas left by the Kuomintang. Two kinds of legitimacy, the contest of the concept of law is no different from a contest. To this end, it is necessary to clear up the great ideological barrier with the consciousness of "cleaning the house and reinviting" immediately to declare and declare the death of the old legal concept of the old law. The elimination of the ideological barriers, the similar situation in the concrete conditions, the convergence of ideology, the influence of the world situation. It shows the necessity of learning the Soviet Union. The study of the concept of the Soviet law and the study of the legal theory is also the inevitability. The article describes and analyzes several ways to study the concept of the Soviet law and the theory of law, and points out that the implanting of the concept of the Soviet law is the result of the resultant force of many ways.
The third chapter is the key point of the article. In this paper, the concept structure analysis method is used to explore the phased course of the Soviet law concept in China. According to the prevailing mode of the jurisprudential textbooks, the methodology of the concept of definition, the essential element, the characteristic element, the economic element, the objective element and the historical type of the law are carefully cleaned up. The key words of each element are analyzed in historical semantics to clarify China's interpretation of the Soviet Union's concept in the process of interpreting the Soviet law. The transformation of the concept of the whole expression and the creative interpretation.
The fourth chapter is to reflect on the experience of the Soviet law concept in China, and discuss the problems of the synchronic and diachronic problems of the concept of law, the misreading of the concept of law, the translatability of the concept of law in the process of translation and the creative interpretation of the concept of law. In the flow and variation, it can neither escape the difference of the game nor refrain from the change of time. For any concept, flow, difference and change are not only the representation of historical circulation, but also the inevitable effect of academic exchange.
Conclusion: Taking the concept of law as a meta point, taking "wall" as a metaphor, reflecting on the academic exchanges between China and the west, and summarizing the viewpoints of the whole text.

【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D90

【参考文献】