黔东南苗侗民族环境保护习惯法研究

发布时间：2018-05-15 08:44

本文选题：环境保护 + 民族习惯法　；参考：《西南政法大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 环境习惯法作为习惯法的一种,是指通过原始自然崇拜和禁忌以及议榔约款所形成的,以保护环境为主要导向,人们共同遵守并具有一定强制性的行为规范。这种环境保护习惯法虽然独立于国家环境制定法之外,但其终极目的并不与国家环境制定法相冲突,相反,环境习惯法以其灵活而具体的独特形式,在当地生产生活过程中的环境保护方面起到弥补由于国家环境制定法具有宏观、抽象的特征而留下空白的作用。黔东南地区由于其独特的地理和文化环境,使苗侗人民创造了丰富多彩、弥足珍贵的文化遗产,保留和传承了独有的原生态民族文化。由于现代文明的快速渗透和当地经济的高速发展,一直以来处于平衡状态的文化生态被逐渐打破,同时使得黔东南苗侗两族的环境多样性遭到了不同程度的破坏。本文通过分析黔东南原生态的苗侗两族的文化并考察其环保习惯,得出了构建黔东南苗侗两族生态环境保护体系已成为当前一项刻不容缓的任务的结论。这对保护黔东南苗族侗族的民族文化多样性,促进黔东南生态环境建设,使得黔东南地区走上可持续发展之路有着重要意义。因此,我们非常有必要研究千百年来在当地起着环境保护作用的法规是怎样运作的,从中我们看到,黔东南苗侗两族环境习惯法中的环保榔规款约、环保宗教习惯和环保村规民约从各自不同的方面共同对黔东南地区的生态资源与环境发挥着非常有效的保护作用,为黔东南地区的生态文明和社会文明的进一步发展打下了坚实的基础。除引言外,本文分为四个部分。前言对环境问题以及贵州黔东南地区的环境保护情况作了一个简单的交代,并简要地说明了论文的写作目的,以及论文准备过程中和写作中所运用到的各种方法,希望能把黔东南少数民族的环保习惯法之真实面貌展现出来。在这里要对本文的选题进行一个说明,之所以选择苗侗两族的环境保护习惯法作为研究对象,并不是因为当地只有苗侗两族,当地还有其它各族同胞,只是对于黔东南地区而言,但苗侗两族同胞定居久且年代长,具有比较典型的说服意义。另外,本文对承认习惯法是法作了一个理论预设,因而不再具体论述为什么习惯法是法的问题。本文主体核心内容如下: 第一部分描述了黔东南地区苗族侗族环境保护习惯法形成的自然地理与社会文化两方面,特有的地理条件使得苗侗同胞对自然有一种近乎本能的依赖,而通过历史演变而来的社会文化则对环保习惯法的形成产生一定的影响。第二部分主要通过榔规款约、禁忌神话以及乡规民约这三种不同的习惯法表现形式来详细介绍苗族侗族的环境保护习惯法的内容。通过对这些内容进行描述,我们可以发现隐藏在它们背后的生态观念是怎样在千百年来传承并发挥其环境保护作用的。第三部分是对环保习惯法内容的一个提炼概括,从而得出其三个特征:宗教性,强制性与平衡性。在分析特征的过程中,我们可以通过它们的形成过程得出这些特征是怎样维持着环保习惯法的顺利实施,使得当地的环境在动态中持续发展。第四部分用一个小案例来展现当今黔东南苗族侗族环保习惯法与国家环境法之间的紧张关系并得出了一些不成熟的看法,然后上升到习惯法与国家法层面的关系来对环保习惯法未来的发展作出自己的判断。
[Abstract]:The environmental customary law, as one of the customary law, refers to the formation of the primitive nature worship and taboos and the Treaty of argumentative hammer, which is mainly guided by the protection of the environment. People abide by and have certain mandatory norms of behavior. This kind of environmental protection customary law is independent of the national environmental law, but its ultimate aim is not with the country. On the contrary, the environmental law, on the contrary, makes up for the environmental protection in the local production and life process by its flexible and specific and specific form, which makes up for the blank space due to the macroscopic and abstract characteristics of the national environment formulation law. The Qiandongnan area has made the Miao Dong people because of its unique geographical and cultural environment. The people have created a rich and colorful cultural heritage, and retain and inherit the unique original ecological national culture. Because of the rapid infiltration of modern civilization and the rapid development of local economy, the cultural ecology that has been in a balanced state has been gradually broken. At the same time, the environmental diversity of the two ethnic groups of the Miao and Dong of Qiandongnan has been subjected to different degrees. Through the analysis of the culture of the original two ethnic groups of the Miao and Dong in Qiandongnan and their environmental protection habits, this paper draws a conclusion that the construction of the ecological environmental protection system of the two ethnic groups of Miao and Dong in Qiandongnan has become an urgent task at present. This will protect the cultural diversity of the Miao and Dong ethnic groups in Qiandongnan and promote the construction of the ecological environment in Qiandongnan, It is of great significance to make the Qiandongnan region on the road to sustainable development. Therefore, it is very necessary for us to study how the laws and regulations that have played an environmental protection role for thousands of years have been carried out. From this, we see that the environmental habits and rules of environmental protection, environmental protection, and environmental protection of the two ethnic groups of the Miao and Dong in Qiandongnan From different aspects, the ecological resources and environment of Qiandongnan are playing a very effective protective role, which has laid a solid foundation for the further development of ecological civilization and social civilization in Qiandongnan.
In addition to the introduction, this article is divided into four parts. The preface gives a simple explanation of environmental issues and environmental protection in Qiandongnan, Guizhou, and briefly explains the purpose of writing, as well as the various methods used in the preparation process and in writing, in the hope that the environmental protection law of the ethnic minorities in Qiandongnan can be used. The true features show. Here we should give a description of the topic of this article. The reason why the two ethnic groups of Miao and Dong are chosen as the research object is not that there are only two ethnic groups of Miao and Dong, and other ethnic compatriots in the locals, only for the Qiandongnan area, but the two people of Miao and Dong people have long lived and have a long time. In addition, this paper makes a theoretical presupposition on the recognition of customary law, and no longer concretely discusses the question of why the customary law is the law. The main content of this article is as follows:
The first part describes the two aspects of the natural geography and social culture formed by the environmental protection habit law of the Miao and Dong ethnic groups in Qiandongnan. The unique geographical conditions make the Miao and Dong compatriots have an almost instinctive dependence on nature, and the social culture, which has evolved through historical evolution, has a certain influence on the formation of the habit law of environmental protection.
The second part introduces the contents of the Miao and Dong minority's environmental protection customary law in detail through the three different forms of habitual law, such as the covenant, taboo mythology and township rules and people's contract. Through the description of these contents, we can find out how the ecological concept hidden behind them is inheriting and exerting it for thousands of years. Environmental protection.
The third part is a summary of the content of environmental protection customary law, and then comes to the three characteristics: religion, compulsion and balance. In the process of analyzing the characteristics, we can find out how these characteristics maintain the CIS benefit of environmental law and make the local environment continue to develop in the dynamic process. Exhibition.
The fourth part uses a small case to show the tension between the environmental protection habit law of the Miao and Dong people in Qiandongnan and the State Environmental Law and draws some immature views, and then goes up to the relationship between the customary law and the national law to make a self judgment on the future development of the environmental law.

【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D921.8;D929

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