法与人类解放：马克思法制观与当代中国法制建设

发布时间：2018-05-17 13:23

本文选题：马克思 + 法制观　；参考：《吉林大学》2009年博士论文

【摘要】： 马克思的法制观是在批判黑格尔等人的法哲学基础上结合无产阶级反对资产阶级斗争的社会实践中产生的。马克思认为,法决不是个人主观意志的产物,任何法都是反映着特定阶级或社会的生产关系以及所有制关系,随着社会经济基础的改变以及上层建筑的更替,旧法的内容及其所维护的阶级利益,必然会随之消失。因此,法与一定的阶级相联系,为特定的阶级所服务,它体现着一定社会关系中处于统治地位、掌握国家政权的统治阶级的利益、愿望与要求。马克思认为,法是人的生存条件,人类从“无法”的原始社会进入到“非法”的奴隶社会、“特权法”的封建社会以及“虚伪法”的资本主义社会实质上表现为主体意识到自身还没有足够的力量完全自由地支配他人、完全自由地协调好自身与他人的关系而采取的一种对象化的制度安排与制度设置,因而这样的法必然以一种异化的形式展现出人的本质。马克思认为,只要消灭法产生的经济、社会以及阶级基础,进入共产主义社会,将那种曾经作为制约人的“法”转变为促进人的全面发展的“法”,法由原来维护统治阶级利益的工具变成实现人的全面发展的手段。这样,法就成了人类从必然走向自由、进而实现人类解放的有力手段,人类解放由此也就成为马克思法制观的价值取向与最高目标。
[Abstract]:Marx's view of legal system was developed from the social practice of proletarian struggle against bourgeoisie on the basis of criticizing Hegel's philosophy of law. Marx believed that law is by no means the product of individual subjective will. Any law is a reflection of the relations of production and ownership of a particular class or society, along with the change of the social economic base and the replacement of the superstructure. The content of the old law and its class interests will inevitably disappear. Therefore, law is connected with a certain class and serves a particular class. It embodies the interests, wishes and requirements of the ruling class which is in a dominant position in a certain social relationship and who holds the state power. Marx believed that law was the living condition of human beings, and that human beings had entered the "illegal" slave society from the "impossible" primitive society. In essence, the feudal society of the Privileges Act and the capitalist society of the "hypocritical Law" are manifested in the fact that the subject realizes that he does not have enough power to control others completely. It is a kind of objectified institutional arrangement and institutional setting which is adopted to coordinate the relationship between oneself and others completely, so such law must show the essence of human being in a form of alienation. Marx believed that as long as the economic, social and class basis produced by the law were eliminated and entered the communist society, the "law", which had been used as a constraint on human beings, would be transformed into a "law" that promoted the all-round development of human beings. Law has changed from a tool for safeguarding the interests of the ruling class to a means for the all-round development of human beings. In this way, law has become a powerful means for human beings to move from necessity to freedom, and thus human liberation has become the value orientation and the highest goal of Marx's view of legal system.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D920.0

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