习惯研究的制定法向度与实践向度

发布时间：2018-05-20 09:06

本文选题：习惯 + 制定法　；参考：《山东大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 习惯与国家制定法作为两种不同的知识传统,都不是自主和自足的,事实上它们两者之间是相互影响、相互作用的,它们彼此渗透、配合,又彼此抵触、冲突,通过两者的互动构建着社会的秩序。习惯与国家法的关系,或者说相互作用方式有两种:一种是静态的,体现在制定法与习惯之间的相互借鉴和吸收,主要表现为制定法是否注意汲取习惯中的有益成分,将其纳入制定法;另一种是动态的,体现在实践的日常的纠纷解决中两者的互动,本文主要讨论的是在司法活动过程中两者的互动,同时,笔者也认为,习惯在我国建立多元化纠纷解决机制中可以起到重要的作用,应大力提倡。相应的,本文也就从制定法和实践这两个向度,尝试初步运用规范法学、法社会学和法经济学的方法对习惯进行考察。文章的第一部分首先从习惯的概念着手,然后将习惯与风俗、习俗、习惯法等相关范畴进行辨析,进而阐释了习惯研究的意义及其重要性。对于制定法上的习惯考察,笔者又将其分为外国制定法上的习惯考察和我国制定法上的习惯考察两个部分。通过前者,笔者指出习惯在外国法上的地位是有一个反复的,并在对这一现象尝试性地作出了解释;通过后者,笔者指出我国制定法总体上是轻视习惯的,并且尊重的话也主要体现在对少数民族习惯和国际惯例这两个方面的尊重上, 在后文中笔者对这两个现象作出了进一步的分析和反思,并指出由于习惯具有“地方性”的特点,而法律要求普遍性、统一性,这使它们之间存在一个内在的难以调和的矛盾,然后笔者对民事和刑事领域制定法对习惯应采取的态度和做法提出了建议。从实践向度考察习惯,作者主要是从中国的司法实践的角度,从民事司法实践、刑事司法实践两个方向,分别引用、分析了一系列各具特点的案例,指出习惯通过法官运用各种司法技术,从而得以进入到司法实践中,形成了与制定法上截然不同的地位,而在实践中的先行者是江苏省泰州和姜堰两级法院,进而民俗习惯的司法运用引起了最高人民法院的关注,并成为最高人民法院2007年度重点调研课题。接着,笔者阐述了习惯在司法实践中的意义、问题和障碍,并分别从民事和刑事实践探寻习惯进入的方式、途径,进而指出法官司法过程中对习惯运用是实用主义导向的,是在一系列的制约因素中作出的合理选择。然后,总结了习惯在我国司法实践中运用中的七个特点并分析了其形成的原因。在文章的最后一部分,笔者探讨了习惯与国家法的互动,首先分析了习惯与制定法的相互作用,接着从对立冲突、相互补充和彼此互动、相互影响三个角度分析习惯与国家法的关系。之后,对习惯通过立法和司法两个方面进入国家法的具体方法进行研究,在文章的最后笔者指出,建构多元化纠纷解决机制,充分发挥习惯在日常纠纷解决中的作用,并与国家运用制定法的纠纷解决机制进行良性互动与合作,是构建有序的、和谐的社会的必由之路。
[Abstract]:As two different kinds of knowledge traditions, the habit and the state law are not independent and self-sufficient. In fact, they interact and interact with each other. They interact with each other, conflict with each other, and build social order through the interaction of the two. The two kind: one is static, which is embodied in the mutual reference and absorption between the formulation of law and the habit. The main manifestation is whether the formulation law pays attention to the beneficial components of the habit, and puts it into the formulation law; the other is dynamic, which is reflected in the daily dispute settlement of practice. The main discussion is in the process of judicial activity. At the same time, the author also believes that habit can play an important role in establishing a diversified dispute resolution mechanism in China and should be vigorously promoted.
Accordingly, this article also tries to make a preliminary application of normative law, sociology of law and law and economics to study habits from the two dimensions of law making and practice. The first part of the article begins with the concept of habit, and then analyzes the customs, customs, customs, customary law and so on, and then explains the study of habit. Significance and importance.
The author also divides it into two parts: the habit inspection of foreign law making and the customary investigation in the law making of our country. Through the former, the author points out that there is a repetition in the status of the habit in the foreign law, and has made an attempt to explain this phenomenon; through the latter, the author points out the system of our country. Generally speaking, the rule of law is to despise the habit, and to respect it is mainly reflected in respect for the two aspects of the customs and practices of the minority nationalities.
In the later article, the author makes a further analysis and Reflection on the two phenomena, and points out that the habit has the characteristics of "local", and that the law requires universality and unity, which makes them incompatible and incompatible, and then the author should take the attitude and do to the civil and criminal law. The law made a suggestion.
From the perspective of practice, the author mainly from the perspective of judicial practice in China, from the two directions of civil judicial practice and criminal judicial practice, respectively, to analyze a series of cases with various characteristics, pointing out that habit through the use of judicial technology by judges, thus to enter into the judicial practice, forming and formulating the law. The forerunner in practice is the two level court of Taizhou and Jiangyan in Jiangsu province. The judicial application of folk custom has aroused the attention of the Supreme People's court and became the key research subject of the Supreme People's court in 2007.
Then, the author expounds the meaning, the problems and the obstacles in the practice of the judicature, and explores the ways and means of habitual entry from the civil and criminal practices, and then points out that the use of habit is the guidance of pragmatism in the judicial process of the judge, and it is a reasonable choice made in a series of restrictive factors. Then, the habit is summed up in our country. The seven characteristics of judicial practice and the reasons for its formation are analyzed.
In the last part of the article, the author discusses the interaction between habit and state law. First, the interaction between habit and law making is analyzed. Then, the relationship between the habit and the state law is analyzed from three angles of conflict, mutual supplement and mutual interaction and mutual influence. After that, the practice of entering state law through two aspects of legislation and judicature is used. In the end of the article, the author points out that it is the only way to construct an orderly and harmonious society by constructing a diversified dispute resolution mechanism, giving full play to the role of the habit in the settlement of daily disputes, and carrying out a benign interaction and cooperation with the state's dispute resolution mechanism using the formulation of the law.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D90

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