论私人财产权运行中的个人自由与社会正义

发布时间：2018-05-29 06:09

本文选题：私人财产权 + 金融危机　；参考：《云南财经大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： “没有财产权,就不可能有正义”,洛克在《人类理解论中》中如此言到。财产是人的自然需要,人们对财产的欲望随着人类社会的发展而增长,“天下熙熙,皆为利来;天下攘攘,皆为利往”,这种欲望需要由社会制度来固定——是为财产权。法律是社会制度的最高形式,它是特定社会生产力和生产关系的反映,必将随社会的前进而演变,法律对财产权的保护也将随着经济的发展而进步。人类社会的前进呈现过原始社会、奴隶社会、封建社会、资本主义社会和社会主义社会等五种形态,社会经济的发展也经历了自然经济、简单商品经济、市场经济等多个阶段。当前,世界大多数国家处于高度发展的市场经济时期,我国也确立了市场经济体制,并取得了长足发展,这种经济体制的私法基础便是私人财产权的运行自由。但矛盾是普遍存在的,任何社会的权利和自由都是相对的,在现代社会中,财产权的高度自由促进了市场经济的繁荣,而财产权的过度自由也造成了市场经济的动荡,尤其是日前金融危机的爆发,不能否认金融行为过度自由的弊害,对经济行为做出适度限制已势在必行;并且,当前市场上的流动性过剩、信贷扩张、通货膨胀愈演愈烈,充分暴露了市场机能的无力或失效,急需国家的有效调控。因此,权利体系的和谐与冲突共同维持着法律秩序的“阴阳平衡”,权利制度不仅要注重权利自由、促进权益实现,也要关注权利冲突、给予适当限制;国家管理更要注重经济自由与国家干预的协调。和谐社会不能回避冲突,而应使冲突(尤其是金融危机)的化解机制制度化,实现市场经济和谐社会下个人自由与社会正义的协调。纵观国内外学者在私人财产权方面的研究成果,我们可以发现,对私人财产权自由与限制问题的研究高潮出现在二十世纪80年代之后。学者们从哲学、经济学、法学等多个领域进行探讨,随社会变迁和研究角度的不同,形成的观点也见仁见智。但是,国内外对私人财产权的研究主要集中在是否承认财产权的私有、公共利益的认定,以及具体事例的规制方面,私法领域的研究还停留于公民财产生活,未能联系国家经济运行;不同学科间的研究亦各行其是,不能相互借鉴、融会贯通。我国学界和实践中对私人财产权自由与限制的探索更存在许多局限,一方面,忽视私法在市场经济中的基础作用,割裂了财产制度与经济运行的关系;另一方面,或保守或冒进的财产权理念不利于法制体系的完善和现实矛盾的解决。因此,正视私法是市场经济的基本法,正视私人财产权保护与限制的关系,注重个人自由与社会正义的和谐统一,具有重大的理论和现实意义。本文拟采用理论分析法、实证分析法、比较分析法、演绎归纳法和哲学思辨法。运用理论分析法,从私法和私人财产权的基本理论推出私人财产权自由与限制的理论基础;采用实证分析法,以公共利益和财产权的冲突提出私人财产权限制的现实原因;依据比较分析法,阐述财产权制度中中西方立法模式的不同;按照演绎归纳法,从私法的基本原则引出其具体表现,并从实例的规制总结出社会管理理念的转变;最后遵循哲学思辨法,从哲学方面论证经济自由与国家干预,权利保护和权利限制的辩证统一关系。学生拟通过本文的写作,通过私法理念由权利本位向社会本位的转变,把握财产权自由与限制的协调,思考私法与市场经济的关系,探讨财产权发展对经济运行的影响,努力提出相关完善措施,以期对社会运行中的矛盾稍有缓解,以期对和谐社会的建设稍有贡献!学生深知此项研究牵涉甚广、甚深,仅凭一己之力、微薄之力显然力不从心,故只能探索性地做一些初步尝试,以求抛砖引玉。
[Abstract]:"Without the right of property, there can be no justice," Rock said in the human understanding. Property is the natural needs of human beings. People's desire for property grows with the development of human society. "All the world hee is profitable; all the world is busy," the desire needs to be fixed by the social system - for property rights. Law is the highest form of social system. It is a reflection of the productive forces and production relations of a particular society. It will inevitably evolve with the progress of the society. The protection of property rights by law will also progress with the development of the economy. The advance of human society presents the original society, the slave society, the feudal society, the capitalist society and the socialist society. The five forms, the social and economic development also experienced the natural economy, the simple commodity economy, the market economy and many other stages. At present, most countries in the world are in the highly developed market economy period, our country also established the market economy system, and made great progress. The private property right of this kind of economic system is the operation of the private property right. Freedom.
But the contradictions are universal, and the rights and freedoms of any society are relative. In modern society, the high freedom of property rights promotes the prosperity of the market economy, and the excessive freedom of property rights has also caused the turbulence of the market economy, especially the outbreak of the financial crisis in advance, which can not deny the abuse of excessive freedom of financial behavior. It is imperative to make moderate restrictions on economic behavior, and the current market liquidity surplus, credit expansion and inflation are increasing, which fully exposes the weakness or failure of the market function, and it is in urgent need of the effective control of the country.
Therefore, the harmony and conflict of the rights system jointly maintain the "balance of yin and Yang" of the legal order. The right system should not only pay attention to the freedom of rights, promote the realization of rights and interests, but also pay attention to the right conflict and give appropriate restrictions; the State Administration should pay more attention to the coordination of economic freedom and state intervention. In particular, the financial crisis should be institutionalized to achieve the harmony between individual freedom and social justice in a harmonious market economy.
Looking at the achievements of scholars at home and abroad in the field of private property rights, we can find that the high tide of research on the freedom and limitation of private property rights appears after the 80s twentieth Century. Scholars have discussed from many fields, such as philosophy, economics, law, and so on. However, the research on private property rights at home and abroad is mainly focused on whether to recognize the private property, the identification of the public interests, and the regulation of specific cases. The research on private law still stays in the life of the citizens and fails to contact the economic operation of the country; the research between different disciplines is also different from each other and can not be used for reference. There are many limitations in the exploration of the freedom and limitation of private property rights in the Chinese academia and practice. On the one hand, it neglects the basic role of private law in the market economy and separates the relationship between the property system and the economic operation; on the other hand, the concept of conservative or offensive property rights is not conducive to the perfection of the legal system and the contradiction of reality. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to face the private law as the basic law of the market economy, to confront the relationship between the protection and limitation of private property rights, and to pay attention to the harmony and unity of individual freedom and social justice.
This paper uses theoretical analysis, empirical analysis, comparative analysis, deductive induction and philosophical speculation. Using theoretical analysis, the theoretical basis of private property rights freedom and restriction is introduced from the basic theories of private and private property rights, and the restriction of private property rights is put forward by the conflict of public interests and property rights. On the basis of comparative analysis, this paper expounds the differences between the Chinese and Western legislative modes in the property rights system, according to the deductive induction, derives its specific performance from the basic principles of private law, and sums up the transformation of the concept of social management from the regulation of the case, and finally follows the philosophical thinking method to demonstrate the economic freedom and state intervention from the philosophical aspect. The dialectical unity of the protection of interest and the limitation of rights.
Through the writing of this article, the students will change from the right standard to the social standard through the idea of private law, grasp the coordination of the freedom and restriction of property rights, think about the relationship between the private law and the market economy, explore the influence of the development of property rights on the economic operation, and try to put forward some relevant measures in order to alleviate the contradictions in the operation of the society slightly, with a view to the The construction of a harmonious society has made a little contribution! Students know this research is very wide and deep, and only with one's own strength.
【学位授予单位】：云南财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D913;D90-05

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