中国古代的清官和民众的“青天”崇拜倾向

发布时间：2018-05-30 08:51

本文选题：古代 + 清官　；参考：《华东政法大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 中国古代法律文化中,存在一种独有的司法文化,民众把一些具有优良特质,能秉公执法、不阿权贵的官员称为“青天”,这些“青天”司法官的精神和事迹被历代百姓津津乐道并广泛传颂,成为官员的楷模、民众的寄托。这样的文化背景下,中国古代的司法传统不断延续,也许它顺应了当时当世的民众心理和社会价值取向,但却为法律的发展带来诸多不良的后果。本文从研究中国法律文化的角度入手,选取古代司法“青天”的社会地位为落脚点,从民众的“青天”崇拜倾向分析当时社会中存在的法律文化现象。这种“青天”崇拜倾向所产生的原因和造成的后果无形中构成相辅相成的关系,使得该文化现象不断得到巩固。全文的内容主要由六个部分组成: 第一部分是引言,主要介绍本文的选题意义、研究目的与研究现状。第二部分为第一章,从廉洁敬业、政绩卓著、刚正不阿、明察善断、重情重理五个方面总结概括古代司法“青天”人物的主要共同特征,试图从史料记载中寻找归纳出此类历史人物的共性。第二章,从双音节词语“青天”的两个组成部分“青”和“天”两方面深入分析这种崇拜意识或者说清官文化的根源所在。“青”隐喻“清”,后者代表中国所特有的清官文化;“天”则从传统天道观以及父母官意识等方面解析古代民众崇拜“青天”的原因。接下来的第三章,着重审视“青天”崇拜倾向给法律领域所带来的不良后果:由于情理的过多运用和司法官员个人起关键作用导致法律权威的缺失;民众期待无所不能的“青天”处理大小事务造成司法难与行政相分离;坚决除恶扬善的主观意识导致重实体轻程序的法律观念;以及由于对“青天”的过分依赖而压抑个体的发展使得个体意识、民主意识欠缺。第四章在该种法律文化对于现今社会的法治建设方面作简要补充。虽然这种盲目崇拜要坚决剔除,但我们不能全盘否定古代司法“青天”的个人素质修养,其中有许多好的品质值得我们学习。同时,也可以从另一个角度切入问题,把崇敬转化成为监督和问责。最后是本文的结语,社会文明始终是延续不断的,我们要客观分析、理性评价中国古代法律文化,才能对现代社会的法治建设起到帮助和推动的作用。
[Abstract]:In the ancient Chinese legal culture, there was a unique judicial culture. The public referred to some officials who had excellent characteristics and were capable of enforcing the law impartially. The spirit and deeds of these "Qingtian" magistrates have been talked about and widely spread throughout the ages, becoming the role models of officials and the sustenance of the people. Under such cultural background, the judicial tradition of ancient China has continued continuously. Perhaps it conforms to the psychological and social value orientation of the people in the current world, but it brings many adverse consequences for the development of the law. From the point of view of studying Chinese legal culture, this paper selects the social status of ancient judicial "Qingtian" as the foothold, and analyzes the phenomenon of legal culture in the society at that time from the tendency of people's worship of "Qingtian". The causes and consequences of this tendency of worship of the "Qingtian" invisibly form a complementary relationship, which makes the cultural phenomenon constantly consolidated. The full text consists of six parts: The first part is the introduction, mainly introduces the significance of this topic, research purposes and research status. The second part is the first chapter, which summarizes the main common characteristics of the ancient judicial "Qingtian" figures from five aspects: honest and professional, outstanding achievements, integrity, good knowledge and judgment. This paper tries to find out the commonness of such historical figures from the historical records. In the second chapter, the author analyses the two components of the two-syllable word "Qingtian", "Qing" and "Tian", and analyzes the root of this kind of worship consciousness or the culture of clean officials. "Qing" is a metaphor for "Qing", which represents the unique culture of clean officials in China, and "Heaven" analyzes the reasons for the ancient people's worship of "Qingtian" from the aspects of the traditional temple of Heaven and the consciousness of parents' officials. The third chapter focuses on the negative consequences of the worship tendency of "Qingtian" on the legal field: the lack of legal authority due to the excessive use of reason and the key role played by the individual judicial officials; The public expects the omnipotent "green sky" to deal with the big and small affairs, which results in the separation of judicial difficulties from administration, the subjective consciousness of resolutely eliminating evil and promoting good, which leads to the legal concept of valuing the entity and neglecting the procedure; And because of the excessive dependence on "Qingtian" and suppress the development of individual, individual consciousness, democratic consciousness is lacking. The fourth chapter makes a brief supplement to the legal culture in the construction of the rule of law in today's society. Although this kind of blind worship should be resolutely eliminated, we can not completely deny the personal qualities of the ancient judicial "Qingtian", among which there are many good qualities that we should learn from. At the same time, can also from another angle cut into the issue, reverting into supervision and accountability. Finally, the conclusion of this paper, social civilization has always continued, we should objective analysis, rational evaluation of ancient Chinese legal culture, in order to help and promote the construction of the rule of law in modern society.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D909.2

【参考文献】