北洋政府时期宪政观念研究

发布时间：2018-06-10 20:54

本文选题：宪政观念 + 宪法移植与变迁　；参考：《青岛大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 近代中国,堪称世界性的“宪法博览会”、“行宪试验场”。而近代宪法作为工具性宪法,义不容辞地承担起了“皇权永固、外患减轻、内乱可弭”的历史使命。继清末民初宪政帷幕的拉开,在政治、经济、思想文化等内外诱因的催生之下,北洋政府时期大量移植域外宪法成为大势所趋,尤以德国、日本宪法影响最为深远。但在当时,宪法的植入与变迁却呈现出“水土不服”、“变异本土化”之特征。在此阶段,不管是官方、党派、社会组织、被唤醒的改革者,甚至社会民众,都开始构思宪政建设的路径,且在一定程度上付诸实践。比如,有名无实的《中华民国宪法草案》、《中华民国约法》、《中华民国宪法》、《中华民国宪法案》等官方宪法的颁布；命途多舛的中国社会党、无政府主义党团、国民党、新中国党支部等党派对宪政模式的探索；势如破竹的新民学会、新潮社、少年中国学会等自治组织对社会革命的推进；锐意革新的《新青年》、《每周评论》、《新潮》等报刊杂志对马克思主义新思潮的传播；孜孜不倦的宪政先行者如孙中山、张君劢、李大钊、陈独秀等人以及社会民众对现代宪政的追逐。这些救赎国家与民族的举措使得宪政理念逐渐深入人心。虽然北洋政府时期宪法是政权争夺的“胭脂粉饰”,是“因人设法”来巩固军阀专制的产物,其在制宪、行宪过称中也充满坎坷、挫折甚至荒唐的闹剧,但也有值得肯定、至少是值得认真研究的经验,这些对当今社会宪政的建构还是具有一定的参鉴作用。
[Abstract]:Modern China, can be called the world's "Constitution Expo", "Constitutional testing ground." As an instrumental constitution, modern constitution is duty-bound to undertake the historical mission of "the imperial power is fixed forever, the external troubles are alleviated, and the civil strife can be eliminated". Following the opening of the constitutional curtain at the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, with the help of internal and external inducements such as politics, economy, ideology and culture, it became a general trend for the Beiyang Government to transplant a large number of extraterritorial constitutions, especially in Germany and Japan, which had the most far-reaching influence. But at that time, the constitution's implantation and vicissitude showed the characteristics of "not accepting the soil" and "mutating localization". At this stage, officials, parties, social organizations, awakened reformers, and even the public began to conceive the path of constitutional construction and put it into practice to a certain extent. For example, the promulgation of official constitutions such as the draft Constitution of the Republic of China, the Constitution case of the Republic of China, the ill-fated Socialist Party of China, the anarchist party group, the Kuomintang, etc. The party branch of the people's Republic of China and other parties have explored the constitutional model, and the self-governing organizations, such as the New people's Association, the New trend Society and the Junior China Society, have pushed forward the social revolution. "New Youth", "Weekly Review", "New Trends" and other newspapers and magazines spread the new Marxist trend of thought; tireless constitutional pioneers such as Sun Zhongshan, Zhang Junmai, Li Dazhao, The pursuit of modern constitutionalism by Chen Duxiu et al. These measures to save the country and the nation make the constitutional concept gradually popular. Although the constitution of the Beiyang Government was a "rouge whitewash" for political power, it was the product of "trying to consolidate the dictatorship of the warlords because of people's efforts". It was also full of ups and downs, setbacks and even absurd farces in the constitution-making and constitutionalism, but it was also worthy of recognition. At least it is worth studying the experience, these still have certain reference function to the construction of social constitutionalism.
【学位授予单位】：青岛大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D921;D929

【引证文献】