宋代功利主义学派法律思想探析

发布时间：2018-06-11 22:31

本文选题：宋代 + 功利主义　；参考：《青岛大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 儒家思想在中国古代思想的发展中一直居于主导地位,在创立之后呈现出了两种不同的发展道路：一种是“道义论”(主流思想),一种是“功利论”。“功利论”虽然一直不是封建社会的主流思想,但是经过各朝代的发展,到宋代时趋于成熟,形成了功利主义学派,尤其是此学派的法律思想,不管是在当时还是对后世,都产生了十分巨大的影响。为了充分了解宋代功利主义学派的法律思想,本文主要从以下四个部分进行论述：第一部分简要介绍了我国功利主义思想的发展历程以及宋代功利主义学派的基本内容。从宋代功利主义学派的构成、法律思想的哲学基础这两个方面入手,为下文论述宋代功利主义学派的法律思想做铺垫。第二部分主要论述宋代功利主义学派的法律思想。中国封建社会的政治、经济、文化等各方面经过隋唐时期的发展后,到宋代时开始衰落。但是,单单就法制这一方面的内容来讲,宋代可以说是其鼎盛时期,尤其是宋代功利主义学派的法律思想对封建社会的各个方面都产生了重大的影响。对于这一法律思想,以李觏、王安石、陈亮、叶适等人的思想为基础,主要从他们对法律性质的基本见解、法律的制定、法律执行的原则和方式、法律官员的选拔和任用、法律改革的基本观点等方面入手,全面阐述了宋代功利主义学派的法律思想。第三部分在前文的基础上,结合宋代商品经济繁荣发展的背景,进一步阐述宋代功利主义学派法律思想对于中国社会的影响与意义。首先,宋代的立法形式和相关民商事法规的内容受到功利主义学派法律思想的影响,发生了巨大的变化；其次,促进了宋代法律理念的改变,我国古代法律传统的实践者--士大夫,以独具时代特色的人文批判精神及高度的文化素养,在宋代的立法和司法活动中发挥了积极地作用,使当时的司法审判活动更侧重于保护社会个体成员合法利益及其实用效益,另一方面,也改变了中国传统社会民众“无讼”的法律理念,使民众在纠纷产生之后,倾向于采取法律的手段解决问题,促进了社会的稳定。第四部分阐述了宋代功利主义法律思想对于我国构建社会主义和谐社会的重要意义。主要从法律公正性、法治和德治相结合以及法律意识的转变这三个方面进行阐述。本文全面论述了宋代功利主义学派法律思想的内涵及其对中国社会的影响。围绕宋代功利主义学派法律思想的各个方面,深入探讨“功利主义”的法律思想对我国社会的影响,从而研究这些法律思想对建设我国社会主义法治国家的重大的借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:Confucianism has always played a leading role in the development of ancient Chinese thought. After its founding, it has presented two different development paths: one is "deontic theory" (mainstream thought), the other is "utilitarianism". Although utilitarianism has not been the mainstream of feudal society, through the development of various dynasties, by the Song Dynasty, the utilitarianism school, especially the legal thought of this school, was formed, whether at that time or in later generations. Has had a huge impact. In order to fully understand the legal thoughts of the utilitarian school in Song Dynasty, this paper mainly discusses the following four parts: the first part briefly introduces the development of utilitarianism in China and the basic content of utilitarian school in Song Dynasty. Starting with the composition of utilitarianism school in Song Dynasty and the philosophical foundation of legal thought, this paper paves the way for the following discussion on the legal thought of utilitarianism school in Song Dynasty. The second part mainly discusses the legal thought of utilitarianism school in Song Dynasty. After the development of the Sui and Tang dynasties, the political, economic and cultural aspects of Chinese feudal society began to decline by the Song Dynasty. However, in terms of the content of the legal system alone, the Song Dynasty can be said to be its heyday, especially the utilitarian school of law in the Song Dynasty had a great impact on all aspects of feudal society. For this legal thought, based on the thoughts of Li Gou, Wang Anshi, Chen Liang, Ye Shi and others, mainly from their basic views on the nature of the law, the formulation of the law, the principles and methods of law enforcement, the selection and appointment of legal officials, etc. Starting with the basic points of view of law reform, this paper comprehensively expounds the legal thoughts of the utilitarian school of the Song Dynasty. The third part combines the background of the prosperity and development of the commodity economy in the Song Dynasty on the basis of the previous text. Further elaborated the Song Dynasty utilitarianism school legal thought to the Chinese society influence and the significance. First, the legislative form of the Song Dynasty and the contents of the relevant civil and commercial laws were influenced by the utilitarian school of law, and great changes took place; secondly, it promoted the change of the legal ideas of the Song Dynasty. The scholar officials, the practitioners of the ancient legal tradition of our country, played an active role in the legislative and judicial activities of the Song Dynasty with their unique spirit of humanistic criticism and high cultural literacy. The judicial activities at that time focused more on protecting the legitimate interests and practical benefits of individual members of the society. On the other hand, it also changed the legal concept of "no litigation" in the traditional Chinese society, so that the public could have disputes after the emergence of the dispute. The fourth part expounds the important significance of the utilitarianism legal thought in the Song Dynasty to the construction of the socialist harmonious society in our country. This paper expounds the connotation of the utilitarian school of law in Song Dynasty and its influence on the Chinese society from three aspects: the justice of law, the combination of the rule of law and the rule of virtue, and the change of legal consciousness. Focusing on the various aspects of the utilitarian school of law in the Song Dynasty, this paper probes into the influence of the utilitarian legal thought on the society of our country, so as to study the great significance of these legal thoughts to the construction of the socialist country ruled by law in our country.
【学位授予单位】：青岛大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D909.2

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