心灵、宗教与宪法

发布时间：2018-06-12 13:32

本文选题：宪法 + 宗教信仰　；参考：《华东政法大学学报》2012年02期

【摘要】：在古典社会,祭祀是最早的宪法制度,个人、宗教与国家三者通过祭祀合为一体。法律捍卫国家宗教的共同信仰,个人只有投身于公共信仰才能享有法律人格。进入中世纪,人的自我意识首次觉醒,个人心灵的安顿转变为追随、信奉耶稣基督从而获得救赎。此时的社会是基督教政教合一的宪制与教权和王权斗争的结合,个人的自由与平等被遮蔽。新教改革确立了个人与上帝的直接救赎关系,信仰上帝从个人义务转变为个人权利。现代国家通过创制宪法直接与个人权利相联系,国家保障个人宗教信仰自由,抵御教权对个人的干预。而关于个人的心灵安顿问题,现代宪法则诉诸于人民主权之上的超验的精神渊源——基督教精神传统。
[Abstract]:In classical society, sacrifice was the earliest constitutional system. The law defends the common faith of the state religion, and the individual can enjoy the legal personality only if he is committed to the public belief. In the Middle Ages, man's self-consciousness awoke for the first time. The society of this time is the combination of the constitution of the Christian church and the right of religion and the struggle of Wang Quan, and the freedom and equality of the individual are obscured. The Protestant Reformation established the direct redemption relationship between the individual and God, and the belief in God changed from personal obligation to individual right. By creating constitution, modern country is directly connected with individual right. The state guarantees individual freedom of religious belief and resists the interference of religious right to individual. With regard to the individual's spiritual settlement, the modern constitution appeals to the transcendental spiritual origin above the sovereignty of the people-the Christian spiritual tradition.
【作者单位】：北京航空航天大学法学院;
【分类号】：D90-05

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