民初“私拟宪法草案”之中央与地方关系的规定初探

发布时间：2018-06-17 01:25

本文选题：民初 + 私拟宪法草案　；参考：《中央民族大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 中华民国的成立具有划时代的历史意义,它宣告了中国封建时代的终结和民主共和国的建立。这一时期,法学家、政治家们乃至政党纷纷献计献策,试图以根本法形式巩固这一新兴共和国的地位。制定宪法作为民主政治建设的基础性工程,在民国早期也成为令人瞩目的政治运动。以民初社会现状为依据制定的各类宪法种类繁多,部分私拟宪法草案对研究中华民国宪法史是一批弥足珍贵的原始资料,研究价值不言而喻。民国初期各省军阀独霸一方,这种局面一直延续到南京国民政府成立,如何调整好中央与地方关系也成为制宪中的重要议题,在现有条件下以最权威的手段来解决中央与地方关系是当时各政党和政界人士所共同关注的,人们清楚地认识到正确处理中央与地方关系是国家实行纵向权力管理面临的一项长期任务。因此,在这些私拟宪法草案中对于中央地方关系的设置,体现出了当时的社会动态与社会各界的政治态度。因此本文主要是基于这一历史背景,在宪法学层面上以民国1912年-1913年的“私拟宪法草案”为依据,探讨了民国初年中央与地方关系问题。对这些宪法草案的研究有助于认识民国这一特定历史阶段中的宪法发展,有助于深入了解中国的国情,特别是有助于帮助我们深入分析今天人们对处理中央地方关系的问题方案的选择。因此全文共分为五个部分：第一部分主要对民国初年“私拟宪法草案”进行详细的梳理分析。首先总结“私拟宪法草案”的含义及基本情况,对草案的发表与起草人进行分类介绍；其次分析“私拟宪法草案”出现的社会历史背景,着重说明这些背景对拟宪者制定宪法的思路和方向产生了巨大的作用。第二部分主要阐述“私拟宪法草案”中有关中央地方关系的规定及其焦点问题。首先理清宪法中中央与地方关系涉及哪些方面,以此来明确文章对民初私拟宪草的研究从中央与地方关系模式的角度展开；其次对宪草的相关内容进行详细的整理,并分析总结其体现出来的焦点问题。第三部分着重阐述了影响“私拟宪法草案”有关中央与地方关系条款设定的因素。首先是国内地方主义与联邦思想等交互因素；其次是国外律的引进和拟宪者倡导法律西化的因素。第四部分分析了“私拟宪法草案”反映出的民初中央与地方关系特点。主要体现在中央与地方关系、地方分权与中央集权等方面。第五部分重点在于“私拟宪法草案”中关于中央地方关系设定的历史意义与社会影响力。首先是总结出拟定这种宪法草案的历史意义何在；其次是对当时社会的影响,文章着重讨论对天坛宪草的影响和对联省自治运动的影响。
[Abstract]:The founding of the Republic of China has epoch-making historical significance, it declared the end of the feudal era of China and the establishment of a democratic republic. During this period, jurists, politicians and even political parties offered suggestions to consolidate the status of this new republic. Constitution-making, as the basic project of democratic political construction, also became a remarkable political movement in the early period of the Republic of China. There are many kinds of constitutions based on the current situation of the society in the early Republic of China. Part of the private draft constitution is a group of precious raw materials for the study of the history of the Constitution of the Republic of China, and the research value is self-evident. In the early period of the Republic of China, the warlords of various provinces dominated one side alone. This situation continued until the establishment of the Nanjing National Government. How to adjust the relations between the central and local governments also became an important issue in the constitution of the Constitution. The most authoritative means to resolve the relationship between the central and local governments under existing conditions was the common concern of all political parties and politicians at that time. People clearly realize that correctly dealing with the relationship between central and local authorities is a long-term task for the state to carry out vertical power management. Therefore, the establishment of the relationship between the central and local governments in these private draft constitutions reflects the social dynamics and the political attitude of all walks of life at that time. Therefore, based on this historical background, this paper discusses the relationship between the central and local governments in the early years of the Republic of China on the basis of the Private draft of the Constitution from 1912 to 1913 of the Republic of China. The study of these draft constitutions will help to understand the constitutional development in this particular historical stage of the Republic of China and help to understand China's national conditions in depth. In particular, it helps us to analyze in depth today's options for dealing with issues related to central and local relations. Therefore, the paper is divided into five parts: the first part mainly analyzes the Private draft Constitution in the early Republic of China. First of all, it summarizes the meaning and basic situation of "Private draft Constitution", classifies the publication and drafters of the draft, and then analyzes the social and historical background of the emergence of "Private draft Constitution". It is emphasized that these backgrounds play an important role in constitutionalism. The second part mainly expounds the central-local relation and its focal point in the Private draft Constitution. First of all, to clarify the constitutional relationship between the central and local aspects, so as to clarify the study of the draft constitution in the early Republic of China from the perspective of the relationship between the central and local; secondly, the relevant content of the constitutional draft is sorted out in detail. And analyzes and summarizes its embodiment of the focus of the problem. The third part focuses on the factors that influence the setting of the articles on the relationship between the central and local governments in the Private draft Constitution. The first is the interaction between domestic localism and federalism, and the second is the introduction of foreign laws and the westernization of laws advocated by the constitutionalists. The fourth part analyzes the characteristics of the relationship between central and local government reflected in Private draft Constitution. Mainly reflected in the central and local relations, decentralization and centralization of power and other aspects. The fifth part focuses on the historical significance and social influence of the establishment of central and local relations in Private draft Constitution. The first is to summarize the historical significance of drawing up this kind of draft constitution, and the second is the influence on the society at that time. This paper mainly discusses the influence on Temple of Heaven constitution and the influence on the autonomous movement of the province.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D929;D921

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