我国中央与地方关系法制化的思考

发布时间：2018-06-28 11:19

本文选题：中央政府 + 地方政府　；参考：《曲阜师范大学》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】： 近年来,随着社会主义市场经济体制的不断发展与完善,实现中央与地方关系法制化越来越引起法学界广大学者的广泛关注。对于中央与地方关系的内涵,学者们有着不同的看法。笔者认为,中央与地方关系是指按照全面建立社会主义市场经济新体制的要求,实行中央和地方政府的分级管理,做到两级管理的权利和责任相统一的关系。中央与地方关系法制化是指通过法律手段规范中央与地方关系,将中央与地方关系的实际运作纳入法制的框架,即中央在纵向权力配置、职责划分、资源与利益分配、责任分担等方面,通过法定程序以及充足的法律依据,对地方给予指导、监督和控制。实现中央与地方关系的法制化,即以宪法和法律的形式来界定、规范和保障中央政府与地方政府的关系。具体说来,就是运用宪法和法律对中央和地方政府及其职权进行合理的配置与界定,中央政府管理属于自己职能范围内的事,地方政府管理属于地方范围内的事,各司其职,各负其责,在此前提下,中央政府领导地方政府的途径、方式、方法和程序等都要有法可依、有章可循,从而建立起一整套调整中央与地方关系的法律体系,以最终将中央与地方关系的运作纳入科学化、法制化的轨道,实现中央与地方关系的良性循环,从而逐步形成中国特色的,合理的中央与地方政府的关系。我国是一个政治、经济发展极不平衡,正处于体制转轨阶段的发展中大国,中央与地方关系一直是中国最为复杂的问题,实现中央与地方关系法制化,不仅是建设社会主义法治国家的应有之义,也是发展社会主义市场经济和社会主义民主政治的必然要求。能否实现中央与地方关系法制化会直接影响到国家统一、政治稳定、经济发展与社会进步。目前,实现中央与地方关系法制化的过程中还存在着许多问题,比较突出的有:中央向地方行政分权的随意性;中央与地方事权与财权的划分还未完全走上法制化的轨道;中央对地方缺乏有效的监督和控制。笔者以为,以上问题存在的根本原因在于中央与地方关系缺乏规范化、法制化。基于对以上问题所产生原因的分析,笔者提出了解决这些问题的四项举措:1、借鉴别国中央与地方关系法制化的成熟经验;2、修改和完善现行宪法;3、制定、完善与宪法原则相一致的独立法律;4、完善中央与地方关系法制化的程序。本文着重从中央与地方关系的界定及变迁、实现中央与地方关系法制化的必要性、实现中央与地方关系法制化需解决的主要问题、实现中央与地方关系法制化的对策性思考四个方面,对改革开放前后的中央与地方关系进行考察,分析中央与地方关系的走向,进而得出结论:即只有实现中央与地方关系的法制化,才能建构新型合理的中央与地方关系。其中,实现中央与地方关系法制化的对策性思考是本文的努力创新之处。希望本文能够对新时期社会主义法治国家的建设产生一些积极的影响。理性地建构新型的中央与地方关系,必须充分考虑到中国特殊的国情,想当然或者照搬照抄别的国家处理中央与地方关系的模式都不能有效地解决中国的实际问题。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the continuous development and perfection of the socialist market economic system, the realization of the legal system of central and local relations has attracted more and more attention from the scholars in the law circles. Scholars have different views on the connotation of the relationship between the central and the local. The author thinks that the relationship between the central and the local means to establish socialism in an all-round way. The new system of market economy requires the centralized management of central and local governments to achieve a unified relationship between the rights and responsibilities of the two level management. The legal system of central and local relations refers to the regulation of the relationship between the central and the local authorities through legal means and the actual transportation of the relations between the central and the local in the framework of the legal system, that is, the central authority is in the vertical power. The relationship between the central government and the local government is defined and the relationship between the central government and the local government is defined and the relations between the central government and the local government are regulated and protected. The central and local governments and their functions and powers are rationally allocated and defined by the Constitution and the law. The administration of the central government belongs to the scope of its own functions. The administration of the local government belongs to the local area, and each has its responsibilities and responsibilities. On this premise, the central government will lead the ways, methods, methods and procedures of the local government. The law can be followed in order to establish a complete set of legal systems to adjust the relations between the central and the local, in order to eventually bring the operation of the relationship between the central and the local into a scientific, legal track and a virtuous circle of the relationship between the central and the local, and thus gradually form the relationship between the Chinese characteristics and the reasonable central government.
Our country is a politics, the economic development is extremely unbalanced and is in the developing country of the transition stage of the system. The relationship between the central and the local is the most complicated problem in China. The realization of the legal system of the relationship between the central and the local is not only the proper meaning of building a socialist country under the rule of law, but also the development of the socialist market economy and the socialist people. The inevitable requirement of the main politics is whether the legalization of the relationship between the central and local governments will directly affect national unity, political stability, economic development and social progress.
At present, there are still many problems in the process of realizing the legal system of the relationship between the central and the local. There are a lot of problems: the arbitrariness of the decentralization of the central government to the local administration; the division of the central and local powers and the financial power has not been completely on the track of legalization; the central government lacks effective supervision and control of the local areas. This is due to the lack of standardization and legalization of the central and local relations. Based on the analysis of the reasons for the above problems, the author puts forward four measures to solve these problems: 1, drawing on the mature experience of the legal system of the relations between the central and local countries of other countries; 2, revising and perfecting the current constitutional law; 3, formulating, perfecting the independent law in accordance with the principles of the constitution. Law; 4, perfect the procedure of legalizing the relationship between the central and local governments.
This article focuses on the definition and change of the relationship between the central and the local, the necessity of realizing the legal system of the central and local relations, the main problems to be solved in the legal system of the central and local relations, and the Countermeasures for the realization of the legal system of the relationship between the central and the local, and the investigation of the relationship between the central and the local before and after the reform and opening up and the analysis of the four aspects. The trend of the relationship between the central and the local is further concluded that only by realizing the legal system of the relationship between the central and the local can build a new and reasonable relationship between the central and the local. Set up some positive effects.
The rational construction of a new relationship between the central and the local must fully take into account the special national conditions of China. For granted or copying the modes of dealing with the relations between the central and the local countries, the actual problems of China can not be effectively solved.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D920.0;F123.14

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