美国反倾销法的嬗变研究

发布时间：2018-06-30 17:59

本文选题：美国反倾销法 + 保护主义　；参考：《西南政法大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 自美国反倾销法诞生至今已有百余年的历史,从《1916年反倾销法》中反倾销规则的首次确立到《1921年反倾销法》,再到《1974年贸易法》和《1979年贸易协定法》以及《1984年关税与贸易法》和《1988年综合贸易竞争法》,随后2000年又出台《伯德修正案》,美国反倾销法的称谓不断改变,但是万变中不变的是其保护主义的内核。美国反倾销立法与实践相互为用,丰富的反倾销实践使其反倾销法日臻完善,同时反倾销法的完善更是继续推动美国反倾销实践得以顺利开展。本文即是沿着美国反倾销法的历史沿革,从其内容的不断更新充实中探寻出其保护主义因子。为更好地揭示美国反倾销法的保护主义内核,本文分为六大部分展开论述。第一部分,对美国早期的反倾销法进行阐述研究。由于《1916年反倾销法》是美国第一部国内反倾销法,各方面的规定都不甚完善,随之即被《1921年反倾销法》取代,该法初步实现了反倾销司法化到行政化,选择性预防作用突出的转变,并大大降低了倾销成立的门槛,赋予行政机关较大自由裁量权。自此,美国反倾销法就已经凸显其对国内产业的保护倾向。第二部分,关注美国反倾销法的发展与完善。经历了二十世纪七八十年代的四次修订,从《1921年反倾销法》到《1974年贸易法》和《1979年贸易协定法》,以及后来的《1984年关税与贸易法》和《1988年综合贸易竞争法》,反倾销条款具体内容不断向利于国内产业起诉、便于反倾销程序操作、更易裁定征收反倾销税的道路上迈进。非市场经济国家条款的设定、实质损害标准的确立、累积损害和持续倾销内容的增加无不彰显美国反倾销法对国内产业面临外国竞争处于劣势时保驾护航的力度。第三部分,转向对美国反倾销法现状的分析。美国反倾销法经过半个多世纪的发展,最终在WTO贸易体制下稳定下来,因此注入了国际元素,加入了与《世界贸易反倾销守则》一致的内容。“日落复审”的规定、“微量”问题的摄入以及可忽略问题的条款都是应运而生的产物。但是,诸多新鲜元素与国际反倾销规则貌合神离,依然以方便国内企业提起反倾销诉讼、人为创造国内企业的竞争优势为依归,《伯德修正案》更是抛开国际反倾销规则的外衣,利用反倾销法对国内产业给予赤裸裸的贸易保护。第四部分,对美国反倾销法具有的保护主义特性展开利益因素的分析。既然已经指出美国反倾销法的贸易保护性质,那么是哪些利益因素的较量造就了这一特性,便是这一部分要回答的问题。利益因素的分析无疑能帮助认清反倾销的贸易保护本质。第五部分,引入美国对华反倾销典型案例剖析美国反倾销法的保护主义特性。面对美国创设的针对以中国为代表的所谓“非市场经济”条款,长虹在接到美国商务部和国际贸易委员会的最终裁定后,向美国国际贸易法院提出上诉,虽然美国国际贸易法院判决商务部和国际贸易委员会就此重新做出裁定,但是最终商务部和国际贸易委员会都维持了先前的裁定。中国再一次遭受了美国反倾销法的不公平待遇。第六部分,面对美国反倾销法愈演愈烈的保护主义特性,提出因应之策。国家层面是遵守《国际反倾销统一规则》,充分利用我国的反倾销法抵制美国产品的倾销行为;企业纬度即是避免以往的“多米诺”重演,积极迎战,不打无准备之仗。
[Abstract]:The anti dumping law of the United States has been born for more than a hundred years, from the first establishment of the anti dumping law in <1916 to the anti dumping law of <1921, and to the trade law of <1974 and the <1979 year trade agreement law, and the <1984 years of tariff and Trade Law and the comprehensive trade competition law of <1988, followed by the subsequent 2000 < Byrd Amendment >, The appellation of antidumping law in the United States has been changing, but it is the core of its protectionism. The anti-dumping legislation and practice of the United States are used mutually, and the antidumping law is perfected by the rich antidumping practice. At the same time, the perfection of the antidumping law continues to promote the practice of anti dumping in the United States. This article is along the United States The historical evolution of the antidumping law explores its protectionist factors from the continuous renewal and enrichment of its content. In order to better reveal the protectionist core of the anti dumping law of the United States, this article is divided into six parts.
In the first part, the early anti dumping law of the United States was expounded and studied. As the anti dumping law of <1916 was the first domestic antidumping law in the United States, the provisions of all aspects were not perfect, and then they were replaced by the anti dumping law of <1921. Lowering the threshold of dumping and giving the executive authorities greater discretion, since then, the US anti-dumping law has highlighted its protective tendency towards domestic industries.
The second part, focusing on the development and improvement of the anti dumping law in the United States, has undergone four revisions in 70s and 80s twentieth Century, from the <1921 anti dumping law to the <1974 Trade Law and the <1979 trade agreement law, as well as the later <1984 year tariff and Trade Law and the <1988 comprehensive trade competition law. Domestic industrial prosecution is convenient for anti-dumping procedures and easier to determine the way to levy anti-dumping duties. Non market economic state provisions, the establishment of substantive damage standards, cumulative damage and the increase of continuous dumping content to highlight the force of the United States anti dumping law to protect domestic industry facing foreign competition at a disadvantage. Degree.
The third part, turning to the analysis of the current situation of American antidumping law. After more than half a century of development, the American antidumping law has finally stabilized under the WTO trade system, so the international elements have been injected into the United States and the content of the agreement with the world trade anti dumping code has been added. The provisions of the minor problems are the product of the emergence of the times. However, many fresh elements and international antidumping rules are beautiful, still convenient for domestic enterprises to bring antidumping lawsuits, to create the competitive advantage of domestic enterprises, and the Byrd Amendment is the outer garment of the international anti dumping rules, and the anti-dumping law is used to the domestic industry. Give naked trade protection.
The fourth part analyses the interests of the American antidumping law. Since it has already pointed out the nature of the trade protection of the anti dumping law of the United States, it is a question to answer which part of the interest factor has created this characteristic. The analysis of interest factors can undoubtedly help to recognize the trade of anti-dumping. It is easy to protect the nature.
In the fifth part, the American antidumping law is introduced to the United States to analyze the protectionist characteristics of the anti dumping law of the United States. Facing the so-called "non market economy" created by the United States, Changhong appeals to the U. S. International Trade Court after receiving the final ruling from the United States Department of commerce and the International Trade Commission. The U. S. International Trade Court decided that the Ministry of Commerce and the International Trade Commission had reissued the ruling, but the final ruling was maintained by the Ministry of Commerce and the International Trade Commission. China was once again subjected to unfair treatment of the US anti-dumping law.
The sixth part, facing the more and more protectionist characteristics of the United States anti dumping law, puts forward the countermeasures. The national level is to abide by the unified rules of international anti-dumping, and make full use of the anti-dumping law of our country to resist the dumping of American products; the enterprise latitude is to avoid the previous replay of "Domino", actively engage and do not fight unprepared battles.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D971.2

【相似文献】