论萨维尼历史法学中的普遍性维度

发布时间：2018-07-03 21:16

本文选题：普遍性 + 历史主义　；参考：《西南政法大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 萨维尼是德国19世纪伟大的法学家之一,在他的法学理论之中,历史主义,民族主义,历史法学是相互交织在一起的。萨维尼提出了“法是民族精神的体现”的观点,在当时整个德意志都弥漫着民族主义的思想氛围里,他容易被认为是一位文化民族主义者,采取的是一种赫尔德式的相对历史主义立场。但是,如果认为萨维尼是完全主张民族及其历史演化具有彻底独特性的学者,那么作为血脉源于日耳曼人的德意志,萨维尼对它的法律历史研究却几乎将日耳曼法完全舍弃,反而几尽毕生精力从事古代罗马法研究。同时,萨维尼对古代罗马法研究中通则化、体系化的方法,这使得最终建立起来的法律体系与罗马当时的历史背景、社会文化特征并不能紧密关联。梳理和辨析萨维尼历史法学理论中的普遍性维度以及理解上述矛盾和萨维尼理论普遍性维度的关系是文章的主体内容。文章对萨维尼历史法学研究的主要对象和方法论进行了考察,前者集中于挖掘萨维尼的罗马法研究在当时有关民族与普遍性演进的话语背景中对于德意志民族的历史根源和演化前景的意义,后者集中辨析了萨维尼在研究实践中采用的方法论的理性品格和研究成品的普适性向度。本文认为,萨维尼之所以放弃了德意志正宗血脉根源的日耳曼而转向罗马,并不完全是根源于他特有的贵族怀旧情绪。无论是作为“地上之城”的罗马,还是基督教的罗马,都是一种普遍性的代表,萨维尼之所以将德意志民族之根厘定为罗马,在当时由黑格尔营造出来的民族与普遍性演进相勾连的图式之下,隐含了一种对德意志民族演进的期许,这种期许指向了德意志民族精神最终演化到普适于世界的历史阶段。同时,由于萨维尼研究古代的罗马法采取了通则化、体系化的理性主义方法,使得最终真正建立起来的法律体系成了抽象的规则系统,通过逻辑的推演,它可以容纳包罗万象的社会生活。当法律体系建成之时,罗马法的历史背景和社会文化特征都被掏空,它仅仅是提供了素材,而关键是通过理性的运作。因此,无论是从萨维尼研究的对象还是采取的方法论上来看,萨维尼的历史法学都包含着深刻的普适性维度。
[Abstract]:Savini is one of the great German jurists in the 19th century. In his legal theory, historicism, nationalism and historical jurisprudence are intertwined. Savini put forward the idea that "law is the embodiment of national spirit." in the nationalist ideological atmosphere of Germany at that time, he could easily be regarded as a cultural nationalist. It takes a Holder position of relative historicism. However, if Savini is considered to be a completely unique scholar who fully advocates the nation and its historical evolution, then as a Germanic Germany, Savini almost completely abandoned the Germanic law in its legal history research. Instead, he devoted his life to the study of ancient Roman law. At the same time, Savini's general and systematic approach to the study of ancient Roman law makes the established legal system not closely related to the historical background and social and cultural characteristics of Rome at that time. It is the main content of the article to sort out and discriminate the universality dimension in Savini's historical law theory and to understand the relationship between the above contradictions and the universality dimension of Savini theory. This paper investigates the main object and methodology of the study of Savini's historical law. The former focuses on excavating the significance of Savini's Roman law research to the historical origin and evolution prospect of the German nation in the discourse background of the national and universal evolution at that time. The latter focuses on the rational character of methodology adopted by Savini in research practice and the generality of the finished product. This paper argues that the reason why Savini abandoned the Germanic origin of the authentic German lineage and turned to Rome is not entirely rooted in his unique aristocratic nostalgia. Rome, as a "city of the earth," or Rome, as a Christian, is a universal representation, and Savini defines the roots of the German nation as Rome. Under the schema created by Hegel at that time, the nationality and the universal evolution were linked together, which implied a kind of expectation to the German national evolution, which pointed to the historical stage of the German national spirit finally evolving to the universal world. At the same time, because Savini adopted a general and systematic rationalism method to study the ancient Roman law, the legal system which was established finally became an abstract rule system, which was deduced by logic. It can accommodate a wide range of social life. When the legal system was built, the historical background and social and cultural characteristics of Roman law were hollowed out. Therefore, from the point of view of the object of Savini research and the methodology adopted, Savini's historical jurisprudence contains a profound universality dimension.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D909

【参考文献】