民族乡法制化建设中的若干问题研究

发布时间：2018-07-21 14:26

【摘要】： 民族乡制度是中国共产党在长期的革命和建设的实践中提炼和总结出来的,是结合中国民族情况解决民族问题的一个创举。民族乡制度的创立无论是在理论上还是在实践中,都具有十分重要的意义,无论是对于现在还是将来民族问题的解决都具有重大的现实意义和深远的历史意义。民族乡制度有一个产生、发展、成熟的过程,这其中也有过曲折和倒退。由于同属对少数民族权利的保障,民族乡制度与民族区域自治制度存在共性的一面。首先,民族平等是保障民族乡少数民族权益的前提。马克思主义的民族理论和中国革命和建设的实践告诉我们,民族平等始终是处理民族矛盾、制定民族政策和法律必须首先坚持的原则。其次,民族发展是保障少数民族权益的核心。因为生存权和发展权是一切人权存在的基础,民族乡制度首要和核心任务必然也是保障民族乡少数民族人们生存与发展的权益。再次,各民族共同繁荣是民族乡制度的目标。各民族共同繁荣是维护我国多民族大家庭生存和发展的必然选择,散居少数民族作为中华民族的组成部分,必须树立共同繁荣的目标。最后,民族问题在我国必须采取特殊手段。这是我国多民族的现实国情所决定的,也是实现社会正义的根本要求。尽管民族乡制度和民族区域自治制度在基本原则上存在着共性,但同时我们不能不看到,仅靠民族区域自治制度在当前形势下已经难以全面处理民族问题,完善民族乡制度以保障其少数民族成员的权益绝非仅仅是某几个区域、某几个民族成员或某几个民族的个别问题。我们如果不能很好地解决当前存在的困难和问题,就不可能进一步完善民族乡制度。当前民族乡制度的作用还未能充分地发挥出来,民族乡制度的意义还未能够得到应有的认识。本文作者本着辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义的立场、观点和方法,以国内外既有的研究成果、相关学科的理论观点为基础,借鉴和吸收我国民族乡法制建设的历史经验,试图通过民族法学界对于民族乡概念的认识入手,具体分析民族乡的性质、法律内涵、作用、意义,并在此基础之上进一步深究民族乡法制化治理的必要性的正当合法的理论依据,接着通过民族乡建立和发展的历史回顾和民族乡法制化进程的现状分析,反思民族乡法制化建设中面临的挑战和值得借鉴的经验,并进而提出具体的改进措施和对未来的发展展望等。希望能抛砖引玉,引起社会各界的重视,为推进民族乡法制化的不断完善而共同努力。但是碍于本人写作水平有限、专业理论功底不足、实践经验缺乏等因素,能否达到上述写作目的,文中观点是否妥当,敬请各位专家学者给予批评指正,以期使该论文日臻完善
[Abstract]:The system of nationality townships is abstracted and summed up by the Communist Party of China in the practice of revolution and construction for a long time, and it is a pioneering undertaking to solve ethnic problems in the light of the national conditions in China. The establishment of nationality township system is of great significance both in theory and in practice, and is of great practical and far-reaching significance to the solution of ethnic problems now and in the future. There is a process of birth, development and maturity in the system of nationality townships, among which there have been twists and turns. Because of the protection of minority rights, the system of ethnic townships and ethnic regional autonomy has one side in common. First of all, ethnic equality is the premise of safeguarding minority rights and interests in ethnic townships. Marxist national theory and the practice of Chinese revolution and construction tell us that ethnic equality is always the principle to deal with ethnic contradictions and to formulate national policies and laws. Second, ethnic development is the core of protecting minority rights and interests. Because the right to exist and the right to development are the basis of the existence of all human rights, the first and core task of the nationality township system must also be to ensure the rights and interests of the minority people in the nationality townships for survival and development. Third, the common prosperity of all ethnic groups is the goal of national township system. The common prosperity of all ethnic groups is the inevitable choice to maintain the survival and development of the multi-ethnic family in our country. As a part of the Chinese nation, the scattered minority nationalities must set up the goal of common prosperity. Finally, ethnic problems in our country must take special means. This is determined by the national conditions of our country and the fundamental requirement of social justice. Although there are similarities in basic principles between the system of ethnic townships and the system of regional national autonomy, at the same time, we cannot help but realize that it is already difficult to comprehensively deal with ethnic problems under the current situation by relying solely on the system of regional national autonomy. Perfecting the system of ethnic townships to protect the rights and interests of minority members is not just a few regions, some ethnic members or a few ethnic groups of individual problems. If we can not solve the current difficulties and problems, we will not be able to further improve the national township system. At present, the function of the national township system has not been brought into full play, and the significance of the nationality township system has not been fully recognized. From the standpoint of dialectical materialism and historical materialism, the author takes the existing research results at home and abroad and the theoretical viewpoints of relevant disciplines as the basis to draw lessons from and absorb the historical experience of the legal system construction of ethnic townships in China. This paper attempts to analyze the nature, legal connotation, function and significance of nationality townships through the understanding of the concept of nationality townships in the field of national law. On the basis of this, it further explores the legitimate and legal theoretical basis for the necessity of the legalization and governance of nationality townships, and then through the historical review of the establishment and development of nationality townships and the analysis of the present situation of the legalization process of nationality townships, This paper reflects on the challenges and experiences to be used for reference in the construction of legalization of nationality townships, and then puts forward concrete improvement measures and prospects for future development. We hope to draw the attention of all walks of life and make joint efforts to improve the legalization of nationality townships. However, due to my limited writing level, lack of professional theory, lack of practical experience and other factors, whether the above writing objectives can be achieved or not, I ask experts and scholars to give criticism and correction, in order to improve the paper day by day.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D920.0

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