法律人与美国宪政体制的确立

发布时间：2018-08-08 19:34

【摘要】： 美国以其1787年美国宪法与《权利法案》为基础,形成与发展出了世界上比较完备的宪政体系。其中既有体现民主的理念与内容,同时又有权力分立平衡与制约的科学制度安排与设计。该宪法的实行与完善不但保证了美国开国至今二百多年间的经济快速发展、政治长期稳定、人民各项社会权利得到了最大限度的保障,而且对其他国家近代宪政体制建设事业产生了巨大推动作用,对宪政体系正在逐步进步与完善中的我国产生了积极和深远的影响。通过初步考察可以发现,美国宪法伟大成就的取得与美国杰出的立宪者们在智慧地吸收了人类大量原有先进的法律文化成果的基础上,使之与美国实际国情进行创造性的结合与发展有直接而重要的关系。而在这些杰出的美国立宪者中,人数所占比例巨大的法律饱学之士又起到绝对中流砥柱的作用,也就是本文所说的那些“美国开国法律人”。从“宪政辩论”开始,中经《独立宣言》制定、《邦联条款》制定、1787年美利坚合众国联邦宪法的制定与推动宪法的被各州批准,到1791年12月《权利法案》成为宪法的一个重要组成部分,宪政体制终于在美国确立,其间以职业律师为主体的法律人一直居于领导层内主导与主力军的地位。本文的研究视角就是从法律人这一主体角度分析法律人对美国宪政确立的影响,重点说明法律人在整个美国宪政体制确立中的影响与卓越贡献。本文对该项论题的研究,意图通过探寻200多年前那批果敢优秀的美国法律人在波澜壮阔的美国立宪中的作用与贡献,使我们确立正确的文明社会宪政体系建设观,以及鼓励与鞭策法律人更加努力地去为我们国家的政治文明事业贡献自己的力量。
[Abstract]:On the basis of American Constitution and Bill of Rights in 1787, the United States formed and developed a relatively complete constitutional system in the world. There are not only the idea and content of democracy, but also the arrangement and design of scientific system. The implementation and perfection of the Constitution not only guaranteed the rapid economic development of the United States for more than two hundred years since the founding of the United States, the long-term political stability, and the maximum protection of the people's social rights. Moreover, it has played a great role in promoting the construction of constitutional system in other countries in modern times, and has had a positive and far-reaching impact on our country, which is gradually progressing and perfecting the constitutional system. Through a preliminary investigation, we can find that the great achievements of the United States Constitution and the outstanding constitutionalists in the United States have absorbed a large number of original advanced legal and cultural achievements of mankind intelligently. It has a direct and important relationship with the creative combination and development of the actual conditions of the United States. And among these outstanding American constitutionalists, the large proportion of law scholars played the role of absolute mainstay, that is, the "founding law people of the United States". Beginning with the "Constitutional debate," the Declaration of Independence, the Confederacy Clause, the federal constitution of the United States of America in 1787, and the ratification of the Constitution by the states, In December, 1791, the Bill of Rights became an important part of the Constitution, and the constitutional system was finally established in the United States. The research angle of this paper is to analyze the influence of the legal person on the establishment of American constitutionalism from the angle of the subject of legal person, and to explain emphatically the influence and outstanding contribution of the legal person in the establishment of the whole constitutional system of the United States. The purpose of this paper is to explore the role and contribution of the bold and outstanding American legal personnel in the magnificent constitution of the United States more than 200 years ago, so that we can establish a correct view of the construction of the constitutional system of civil society. And to encourage and spur legal people to work harder to contribute to the cause of political civilization in our country.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：DD911;D971.2

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