罗尔斯差别原则的法理解读

发布时间：2018-08-09 13:59

【摘要】： 差别的观念在罗尔斯提出其差别原则之前在中西方就普遍存在,且根源久远。本文从法律的角度解读美国学者罗尔斯提出的差别原则,评析其在理论和制度上的历史地位,试图将其运用于法学领域。在理论的方面其对我们法学理论界引进差别观念有重要启示。事实上,在法治现代化进程中,形式化的平等在事实和规范面前都存在着不足,从法理学的角度来界定“差别原则”已是恰当时机。在实践的方面其具有保护社会弱势群体权利的实际意义,是对改革开放以来我国社会贫富悬殊、两极分化这个社会顽疾的一个诊断。罗尔斯的差别原则是在当时美国的贫富差距加大,极权主义和权利危机严重的社会背景下提出来的,在批评功利主义过分强调社会的总量而忽视人与人之间分配数量的基础上他继承了亚里士多德的分配正义理论和经典的社会契约理论提出了自己的差别原则理论。当代中国同样存在着种种的差别现状,收入差别、城乡差别、不同群体的待遇上的差别,甚至是制度设计上的差别。从理论和实践两个方面运用历史的和比较的方法,可获知,虽然与美国当时社会的差别有着不同的国情差异,与中西方社会发展史上的出现的差别状况有着本质的差别,但毫无疑问在法治建设下的当代中国借鉴罗尔斯的差别原则,提出符合中国国情的差别理论有着重大的理论与实践意义。
[Abstract]:The concept of difference existed in both China and the West before Rawls put forward the principle of difference, and its roots were long ago. This paper interprets the difference principle put forward by the American scholar Rawls from the angle of law, evaluates its historical position in theory and system, and tries to apply it to the field of law. In the aspect of theory, it has important enlightenment to the introduction of different ideas in the field of legal theory. In fact, in the process of the modernization of the rule of law, the formal equality is inadequate in the face of facts and norms. It is an appropriate time to define the "difference principle" from the perspective of jurisprudence. In the aspect of practice, it has the practical significance of protecting the rights of the social vulnerable groups, and is a diagnosis of the social malady of the disparity between the rich and the poor and the polarization of the society since the reform and opening up. Rawls' principle of distinction was put forward against the background of the widening gap between the rich and the poor, totalitarianism and a serious crisis of power in the United States at that time. On the basis of criticizing utilitarianism for over-emphasizing the total amount of society and neglecting the allocation amount between people, he inherited Aristotle's distributive justice theory and classical social contract theory and put forward his own difference principle theory. In contemporary China, there are also various differences, such as income difference, urban-rural difference, treatment difference of different groups, and even the difference in system design. By using historical and comparative methods in both theory and practice, we can see that although there are differences in national conditions from the social differences of the United States at that time, they are fundamentally different from the differences in the history of social development between China and the West. But there is no doubt that it is of great theoretical and practical significance for contemporary China to draw lessons from Rawls' difference principle under the construction of the rule of law and to put forward the difference theory in accordance with China's national conditions.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D909.712

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