民国时期高等教育考试立法研究
发布时间：2018-08-22 10:36
【摘要】：近代高等教育考试法制是伴随着高等教育考试的规模化而形成并发展起来的一个法律调节领域，是中国进入民国时期后新出现的一种对高等教育考试事务进行调控和管理的形式。1902年，清末施行“新政”，清政府开始模仿近代西方国家的做法，以立法的形式干预高等教育考试事业，由此高等教育考试法制开始萌芽。民国成立后，禁锢已久的思想得到解放，引进欧美发达国家考试文化的大门大敞。为加强对教育尤其是高等教育的控制，历届政府纷纷运用“考试”这根指挥棒，以高等教育考试立法的形式对高等教育活动进行宏观调控和指导。民国38年(1912年—1949年)间颁行的有关高等教育考试的法规多达数十部，考试法规试图将与高等教育考试相关联的入学资格、考试科目、考试形式、命题程度、成绩评定等均纳入法制轨道，实现以法治考。民国中后期，，政府及其教育部的高等教育考试立法活动使近代中国的高等教育考试制度趋向定型，一定程度上促进和保障了高等教育事业的改革与发展。本文拟运用比较分析法、系统论法、实证分析法等研究方法，对民国时期有关高等教育考试的立法进行研究，以期明了这个时期高等教育考试的立法状况、发展变迁、内容和特点等，去其糟粕，取其精华，为当代高等教育考试立法提供些借鉴。全文由引论、正文、结语构成。 引论部份着重介绍研究本课题的理论意义、现实意义及借鉴意义，研究目的、研究现状、研究方法等。正文分为三个部分： 第一部分：重点厘清清末至民国时期高等教育考试立法的基本状况、发展变迁以及后者对前者的批判继承关系。重点分析了民国成立后，尤其是南京国民政府统治时期高等教育考试立法活动。民国时期高等教育考试法规体系渐趋健全，在规范高等教育考试活动、推进高等教育发展方面起到了积极作用。 第二部分：重点介绍民国时期高等教育考试立法的主要内容及实施。民国时期历届政府的高等教育考试立法，主要是围绕高等院校入学招生考试、学生学业成绩考试、学业竞试、学位制考试等方面进行的。近代中国的高等教育考试法规对考生的报考资格、考试科目、考试形式、考试成绩评定、录取标准、学位授予等做了详尽的规定，试图将与高等教育考试有关的各项事务都纳入法制轨道，使高等教育考试有法可依，实现政府以法治考的目标。 第三部分：主要是对民国时期高等教育考试立法的评析。笔者首先认为民国时期的高等教育考试立法具有体系严谨、层次清晰，辑美追欧、基础多元，内容稳定、适用性强，政府主导、逐级推进等特点。其次，通过对民国时期历届政府利用高等教育考试立法规范高等教育考试活动、推动和保障高等教育事业发展的客观作用考察，重点说明民国38年间颁行的高等教育考试立法对我国当代高等教育考试改革与发展留下的三点启示：其一，高等教育考试制度的改革与发展离不开法制的推动与保障，国家应加强对高等教育考试的立法，提高立法技术水平，建立健全高等教育考试法律法规体系；其二，高等教育考试立法应遵循稳定性与发展性相结合的原则，在保持高等教育考试法规内容稳定的同时，增强其可操作性；其三，明确高等教育考试法律责任，建立健全高等教育考试法律责任制度，维护高等教育考试法规的权威。另外，笔者还认为，要充分发挥高等教育考试立法的作用，还需要公民、国家机关的自觉遵守，需要一个稳定的政治、经济环境。
[Abstract]:The modern higher education examination legal system is a field of legal regulation formed and developed with the scale of higher education examination. It is a new form of regulation and management of higher education examination affairs after China entered the Republic of China. After the founding of the Republic of China, the long-held ideology was liberated and the door to the examination culture of the developed countries in Europe and America was wide open. In order to strengthen the control of education, especially higher education, successive governments have used the "examination" one after another. A baton is used to regulate and guide the activities of higher education in the form of legislation on higher education examinations. As many as dozens of regulations on higher education examinations were enacted in the 38 years of the Republic of China (1912-1949). Examination laws and regulations attempt to correlate the entrance qualification, examination subjects, examination forms, degree of proposition and results of higher education examinations. In the middle and late period of the Republic of China, the legislative activities of the government and its Ministry of Education made the system of higher education examination in modern China tend to be finalized, which promoted and guaranteed the reform and development of higher education to a certain extent. By analyzing the law and other research methods, this paper studies the legislation of higher education examination in the period of the Republic of China, in order to understand the legislative situation, development, changes, content and characteristics of higher education examination in this period, remove its dross and extract its essence, and provide some reference for the legislation of contemporary higher education examination.
The introduction focuses on the theoretical significance, practical significance and reference significance, research purposes, research status, research methods and so on.
The first part is to clarify the basic situation, development and vicissitude of higher education examination legislation from the end of the Republic of China to the Republic of China, and the latter's critical inheritance to the former. It has played a positive role in standardizing higher education examination activities and promoting the development of higher education.
The second part mainly introduces the main contents and implementation of the legislation of higher education examination in the Republic of China. The legislation of higher education examination in the past years mainly centered on the entrance examination of colleges and universities, the examination of students'academic performance, the examination of academic competition and the examination of degree system. Detailed regulations have been made on candidates'qualifications for examination, examination subjects, examination forms, assessment of examination results, admission criteria, degree award and so on. All matters related to higher education examination have been brought into the orbit of legal system so as to make higher education examination legally available and realize the goal of the government's examination by law.
The third part is mainly about the analysis of the legislation of higher education examination in the Republic of China. First, the author thinks that the legislation of higher education examination in the Republic of China has the characteristics of strict system, clear hierarchy, compiling the United States and chasing Europe, pluralistic foundation, stable content, strong applicability, government-led, step-by-step promotion. Second, through the use of higher education by successive governments in the Republic of China. The objective function of the higher education examination legislation in standardizing the higher education examination activities and promoting and guaranteeing the development of the higher education undertakings is investigated. The three enlightenments of the higher education examination legislation promulgated in the 38 years of the Republic of China on the reform and development of the contemporary higher education examination in China are emphatically illustrated. Firstly, the reform and development of the higher education examination system can not be separated In order to promote and guarantee the development of the legal system, the state should strengthen the legislation of higher education examination, improve the level of legislation and establish and improve the system of laws and regulations of higher education examination; secondly, the legislation of higher education examination should follow the principle of combining stability with development, while maintaining the stability of the contents of the laws and regulations of higher education examination, it should be strengthened. Thirdly, it is necessary to clarify the legal responsibility of higher education examination, establish and improve the legal responsibility system of higher education examination, and safeguard the authority of higher education examination laws and regulations. Border.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D929
本文编号：2196840
[Abstract]:The modern higher education examination legal system is a field of legal regulation formed and developed with the scale of higher education examination. It is a new form of regulation and management of higher education examination affairs after China entered the Republic of China. After the founding of the Republic of China, the long-held ideology was liberated and the door to the examination culture of the developed countries in Europe and America was wide open. In order to strengthen the control of education, especially higher education, successive governments have used the "examination" one after another. A baton is used to regulate and guide the activities of higher education in the form of legislation on higher education examinations. As many as dozens of regulations on higher education examinations were enacted in the 38 years of the Republic of China (1912-1949). Examination laws and regulations attempt to correlate the entrance qualification, examination subjects, examination forms, degree of proposition and results of higher education examinations. In the middle and late period of the Republic of China, the legislative activities of the government and its Ministry of Education made the system of higher education examination in modern China tend to be finalized, which promoted and guaranteed the reform and development of higher education to a certain extent. By analyzing the law and other research methods, this paper studies the legislation of higher education examination in the period of the Republic of China, in order to understand the legislative situation, development, changes, content and characteristics of higher education examination in this period, remove its dross and extract its essence, and provide some reference for the legislation of contemporary higher education examination.
The introduction focuses on the theoretical significance, practical significance and reference significance, research purposes, research status, research methods and so on.
The first part is to clarify the basic situation, development and vicissitude of higher education examination legislation from the end of the Republic of China to the Republic of China, and the latter's critical inheritance to the former. It has played a positive role in standardizing higher education examination activities and promoting the development of higher education.
The second part mainly introduces the main contents and implementation of the legislation of higher education examination in the Republic of China. The legislation of higher education examination in the past years mainly centered on the entrance examination of colleges and universities, the examination of students'academic performance, the examination of academic competition and the examination of degree system. Detailed regulations have been made on candidates'qualifications for examination, examination subjects, examination forms, assessment of examination results, admission criteria, degree award and so on. All matters related to higher education examination have been brought into the orbit of legal system so as to make higher education examination legally available and realize the goal of the government's examination by law.
The third part is mainly about the analysis of the legislation of higher education examination in the Republic of China. First, the author thinks that the legislation of higher education examination in the Republic of China has the characteristics of strict system, clear hierarchy, compiling the United States and chasing Europe, pluralistic foundation, stable content, strong applicability, government-led, step-by-step promotion. Second, through the use of higher education by successive governments in the Republic of China. The objective function of the higher education examination legislation in standardizing the higher education examination activities and promoting and guaranteeing the development of the higher education undertakings is investigated. The three enlightenments of the higher education examination legislation promulgated in the 38 years of the Republic of China on the reform and development of the contemporary higher education examination in China are emphatically illustrated. Firstly, the reform and development of the higher education examination system can not be separated In order to promote and guarantee the development of the legal system, the state should strengthen the legislation of higher education examination, improve the level of legislation and establish and improve the system of laws and regulations of higher education examination; secondly, the legislation of higher education examination should follow the principle of combining stability with development, while maintaining the stability of the contents of the laws and regulations of higher education examination, it should be strengthened. Thirdly, it is necessary to clarify the legal responsibility of higher education examination, establish and improve the legal responsibility system of higher education examination, and safeguard the authority of higher education examination laws and regulations. Border.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D929
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