哈特法与道德关系思想探析

发布时间：2018-09-06 14:30

【摘要】： 哈特以其实证主义的姿态、自由主义的立场、分析主义的旗帜以及道德学家的情怀,构建了一个庞大而自洽的法理学体系,拯救了西方英美世界的法哲学。他继承并发展了边沁、奥斯丁和凯尔森的分析思想,成功地运用语言分析哲学来分析法律概念和法律现象,而且将“休谟法则”直接嫁接到自己的描述性法律理论,采用一种更为宽泛的视角来看待法律的本质,以表达的清晰性和对各种细节的敏感来研究法律、道德以及二者的关系,进一步深化“分离命题”、细化法律实证主义的主张,成为新分析法学派的创始人。同时,哈特思想也受到异议者的抨击,但都不能从基础上撼动其思想的正确性:富勒对哈特的规则理论进行新的阐发,提出“法律内在道德说”,即程序版自然法;德沃金在哈特基础之上建构阐释性的法律理论。而哈特自称“柔性法律实证主义者”也表明其思想的局限性:语言分析方法对法制的构建意义不大,承认规则本身也是纰漏百出,事实与价值的区分之后更需要结合,自然权利虽不能自证其实但也不证自明。在我国的法治初级阶段,研究哈特思想对我们的法治建设具有重大的意义:有助于我国法治生根问题的解决和规则意识的强化;有助于法的实施问题的解决;从分离命题受到的挑战看,我们的法治应当是良法之治。哈特思想对我们法学学术研究的借鉴意义是:研究过程中要保持科学客观性和超越个人价值的中立性,不能简单地将道德的逻辑代替法律的逻辑,用道德的标准代替法律的标准,二者应当区别对待。
[Abstract]:Hart constructed a huge and consistent jurisprudence system with his positivism attitude, liberal stand, the banner of the analysis doctrine and the feelings of the moral scientist, and saved the legal philosophy of the western Anglo-American world. He inherited and developed the analytical thoughts of Bentham, Austen and Kelsen, successfully applied linguistic analytic philosophy to analyze legal concepts and legal phenomena, and grafted Hume's Law directly into his descriptive legal theory. The essence of law is viewed from a broader perspective, the clarity of expression and sensitivity to various details are used to study law, morality and the relationship between the two, to further deepen the "separation proposition" and to refine the proposition of legal positivism. Became the founder of the New Analytical School. At the same time, Hart's thought was criticized by dissidents, but none of it could shake the correctness of his thought: Fuller gave a new explanation to Hart's theory of rules, and put forward "the inner moral theory of law", that is, the procedural version of natural law; Dworkin constructed an explanatory legal theory on the basis of Hart. Hart's self-proclaimed "flexible legal positivist" also shows the limitations of his thinking: language analysis is of little significance to the construction of the legal system, the recognition of the rules itself is also flawed, and the distinction between facts and value needs to be combined. Although the natural rights can not prove themselves, but also does not prove self-evident. In the primary stage of the rule of law in our country, the study of Hart's thought is of great significance to the construction of the rule of law: it is helpful to solve the problem of rooting and strengthening the consciousness of rule of law in our country, to solve the problem of law enforcement, and to solve the problem of law enforcement. From the challenge of the separation proposition, our rule of law should be the rule of good law. The significance of Hart's thought to our academic research of law is: to maintain scientific objectivity and transcend the neutrality of individual value in the process of research, we can not simply replace the logic of law with the logic of morality. The standard of morality should be treated differently in place of the standard of law.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D90-05

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