南京国民政府时期边疆教育立法研究

发布时间：2018-09-11 11:10

【摘要】：边疆教育是指民国时期少数民族地区针对少数民族进行的教育。相对于普通教育,边疆教育由于其针对的对象是少数民族而具有特殊性,也正因此,普通教育的法律规定一般难以涵盖边疆教育的复杂情况。由于种种原因,历史上边疆教育一直十分落后。南京国民政府时期出于时局需要,国民政府把边疆教育纳入议事日程,制定了大量特别针对边疆民族地区教育的法律法规以及相关规范性文件,推动边疆教育发展。在这一时期,边疆民族教育体系初步建立,近代少数民族教育也肇始于此。但是,任何制度的草创都是在探索中不断前进的,国民政府时期的边疆教育立法,有一定程度的发展,同时也存在很多缺憾,本文的目的就是在综合研究国民政府对边疆教育立法及相关措施的基础上,总结其经验和教训,试图为当今民族教育的发展提供一些有益的借鉴。第一章通过对“边疆”及“边疆教育”等概念的涵义进行阐述,限定了文章的研究范围,为全文的拓展做了一个理论铺垫。同时对现在已有相关南京国民政府时期边疆教育立法的研究做了大致的梳理,认为现有成果缺少从法律史角度的研究与探讨,存在问题与不足,进而提出本研究的学术意义及价值。第二章从立法主体不同角度,对南京国民政府时期相关机构制定的有关边疆教育的规范性文件做了整理与归纳,主要包括国民党会议决议案,教育部与蒙藏教育委员会制定的规范性文件和其他机关制定的规范性文件。由分析得出在南京国民政府的立法体制下,边疆教育立法效力层级清晰,初成体系,但由于边疆教育历史基础薄弱,时局动荡以及人力物力的限制,其边疆教育的立法体制尚不够完整,立法任务并未完成。第三章对南京国民政府时期边疆教育立法的主要内容做了系统的阐释。南京国民政府在推进边疆教育过程中,始终贯彻统一方针,以三民主义为教育宗旨,大力培养国族意识,发展教育的具体措施时注意紧密结合边疆地区的特点与需要。并且通过一系列法令、法规,制定详细计划,完善蒙藏教育司和边疆教育委员两大边疆教育管理机构设置,从经费、师资、学生优待、教材编译和视导监督等方面设立和健全相关制度,保障边疆教育顺利发展。第四章结合具体内容主要总结了南京国民政府时期边疆教育立法的始终贯彻三民主义,立法形式灵活和内容完整覆盖面广的特点,认为南京国民政府时期边疆教育立法重视以法施教,尊重少数民族地区特殊情况,并能够建立有效的保障和监督机制。并结合中国实际,总结历史经验与教训,探讨南京国民政府时期边疆教育立法对当前发展民族教育立法的借鉴意义和启示。
[Abstract]:Frontier education refers to the education of ethnic minorities in minority areas during the period of the Republic of China. Compared with general education, frontier education has its particularity because it is aimed at ethnic minorities. Therefore, the legal provisions of general education are difficult to cover the complicated situation of frontier education. For various reasons, frontier education has been very backward in history. In the period of Nanjing National Government, due to the need of the current situation, the National Government put the frontier education into the agenda, formulated a large number of laws and regulations and related normative documents, especially for the education of the ethnic minority areas in the border areas, to promote the development of education in the border areas. In this period, the borderland ethnic education system was initially established, and the modern minority education began here. However, any institutional innovation is constantly advancing in the process of exploration. The frontier education legislation in the period of the National Government has developed to a certain extent, and at the same time there are many shortcomings. The purpose of this paper is to sum up the experiences and lessons of the National Government on the basis of the comprehensive research on the legislation and related measures of the frontier education, and to try to provide some useful reference for the development of the national education today. The first chapter elaborates the meaning of the concepts of "frontier" and "frontier education", limits the research scope of the article, and makes a theoretical foundation for the development of the full text. At the same time, the author has made a general combing of the existing research on the education legislation of the border area in the period of Nanjing National Government, and considered that the existing achievements are lack of research and discussion from the angle of legal history, and there are problems and shortcomings. Then the academic significance and value of this study are put forward. In the second chapter, from different angles of the legislative subject, the normative documents on frontier education made by the relevant institutions during the period of Nanjing National Government are sorted out and summarized, mainly including the resolution of the KMT conference. The normative documents formulated by the Ministry of Education and the Mongolian and Tibetan Education Commission and the normative documents formulated by other organs. From the analysis, it is concluded that under the legislative system of the Nanjing National Government, the level of legislative effect of the frontier education is clear and the initial system is formed, but due to the weak historical basis of the frontier education, the current situation is turbulent and the human and material resources are limited. The legislative system of the frontier education is not complete, and the legislative task has not been completed. The third chapter systematically explains the main contents of the frontier education legislation in the period of Nanjing National Government. In the course of promoting education in the frontier areas, the Nanjing National Government has always carried out the unified policy, taking the three people's principles as the educational purpose, vigorously cultivating the national consciousness, and paying close attention to the characteristics and needs of the frontier areas when developing the concrete measures of education. And through a series of decrees, laws and regulations, drawing up detailed plans, perfecting the establishment of the two major borderland education management institutions, namely, the Mongolian and Tibetan Education Department and the Frontier Education Commission, from the perspective of funding, teachers and students' preferential treatment. Set up and perfect the related system in the aspects of textbook compilation and visual supervision to ensure the smooth development of frontier education. The fourth chapter mainly summarizes the characteristics of the three people's principles, flexible legislative form and wide coverage of the content of the education legislation in the border areas during the Nanjing National Government period. It is believed that the education legislation in the border areas during the period of the Nanjing National Government attached importance to teaching by law, respected the special conditions of minority areas, and could establish an effective guarantee and supervision mechanism. Combined with the reality of China, this paper sums up the historical experience and lessons, and probes into the reference significance and enlightenment of the frontier education legislation in the period of Nanjing National Government to the current development of the national education legislation.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D929

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