英美合同法中的实际履行制度研究
发布时间：2018-09-18 18:26
【摘要】： 实际履行制度是世界各国所采用的违约救济方式之一。与大陆法系将实际履行作为首要的违约救济方式不同,在英美合同法上,实际履行是衡平法上的违约救济措施之一,是一种居于次要的、补充地位的违约救济措施。通过对实际履行制度进行经济分析可以发现:在许多情形下,实际履行并不是有效的救济措施。 作为一项违约救济措施,英美实际履行制度的适用受到诸多条件的约束和限制,这些条件主要包括积极条件和限制条件。实际履行所应具备的积极条件主要包括:损害赔偿是不充分的、要求实际履行的合同应当具有相互性、合同是能够履行的、合同内容的确定性;限制实际履行适用的条件主要包括:合同具有人身因素、需要法院持续监督、违反公共政策、会使被告处于十分艰难的境地、影响第三人的利益等。英美法对于实际履行不像大陆法系一样有明确的成文法依据,但是多年的司法实践对实际履行确立了一系列的原则,特别是在一些特定类型的合同之中形成了固定的处理原则,这些合同主要包括:与不动产有关的合同、建筑合同、个人服务合同以及货物买卖合同。 我国现行立法确立了实际履行制度,但仍然存在缺陷,如:实际履行的定位模糊,缺乏实际履行制度积极要件的规定;有关实际履行的限制规定比较原则和模糊,不具有可操作性。对英美法系主要国家有关实际履行的立法和判例进行梳理、分析、总结,可以为我国相关实际履行制度的完善提供借鉴。具体而言,我国的实际履行制度可以从以下方面进行完善:合同法应对实际履行制度重新定位,将实际履行作为一种补充的、例外的救济措施,只能在特定情形下予以适用;进一步明确和细化实际履行制度的积极和限制条件,增加法律的可操作性;针对特殊合同作出特别规定,形成具体和固定的处理原则;借鉴效率违约理论完善实际履行制度。
[Abstract]:The system of actual performance is one of the remedies for breach of contract adopted by countries all over the world. Different from the civil law system, the actual performance is regarded as the primary remedy for breach of contract. In the Anglo-American contract law, the actual performance is one of the remedies in the equity law, and it is also a kind of minor and supplementary remedy for the breach of contract. Through the economic analysis of the actual performance system, it can be found that in many cases, the actual performance is not an effective relief measure. As a remedy for breach of contract, the application of the practical performance system in Britain and America is restricted and restricted by many conditions, including positive and restrictive conditions. The positive conditions of actual performance mainly include: the compensation for damages is not sufficient, the contract that requires actual performance should be mutual, the contract can be performed, and the content of the contract is deterministic; The conditions of restricting the actual performance include: the contract has personal factors, needs the continuous supervision of the court, violates the public policy, will make the defendant in a very difficult situation, and affect the interests of the third party and so on. Anglo-American law does not have a clear statutory basis for actual performance, but many years of judicial practice have established a series of principles for actual performance, especially in some specific types of contracts formed a fixed treatment principle. These contracts include: real estate contracts, construction contracts, personal services contracts and contracts for the sale of goods. The current legislation of our country has established the actual performance system, but there are still some defects, such as the vague orientation of the actual performance, the lack of the provisions of the positive elements of the actual performance system, the comparative principle and vagueness of the restriction provisions concerning the actual performance. Not operable. By combing, analyzing and summing up the legislation and precedents of practical performance in the major countries of Anglo-American legal system, we can provide reference for the perfection of relevant practical performance system in our country. In particular, the actual performance system of our country can be perfected from the following aspects: the contract law should reposition the actual performance system and take the actual performance as a supplementary and exceptional relief measure, which can only be applied under the specific circumstances; Further clarify and refine the positive and restrictive conditions of the actual performance system, increase the operability of the law; make special provisions for special contracts, form specific and fixed treatment principles; use the theory of efficiency breach of contract to perfect the actual performance system.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：DD913;D956.1
本文编号：2248742
[Abstract]:The system of actual performance is one of the remedies for breach of contract adopted by countries all over the world. Different from the civil law system, the actual performance is regarded as the primary remedy for breach of contract. In the Anglo-American contract law, the actual performance is one of the remedies in the equity law, and it is also a kind of minor and supplementary remedy for the breach of contract. Through the economic analysis of the actual performance system, it can be found that in many cases, the actual performance is not an effective relief measure. As a remedy for breach of contract, the application of the practical performance system in Britain and America is restricted and restricted by many conditions, including positive and restrictive conditions. The positive conditions of actual performance mainly include: the compensation for damages is not sufficient, the contract that requires actual performance should be mutual, the contract can be performed, and the content of the contract is deterministic; The conditions of restricting the actual performance include: the contract has personal factors, needs the continuous supervision of the court, violates the public policy, will make the defendant in a very difficult situation, and affect the interests of the third party and so on. Anglo-American law does not have a clear statutory basis for actual performance, but many years of judicial practice have established a series of principles for actual performance, especially in some specific types of contracts formed a fixed treatment principle. These contracts include: real estate contracts, construction contracts, personal services contracts and contracts for the sale of goods. The current legislation of our country has established the actual performance system, but there are still some defects, such as the vague orientation of the actual performance, the lack of the provisions of the positive elements of the actual performance system, the comparative principle and vagueness of the restriction provisions concerning the actual performance. Not operable. By combing, analyzing and summing up the legislation and precedents of practical performance in the major countries of Anglo-American legal system, we can provide reference for the perfection of relevant practical performance system in our country. In particular, the actual performance system of our country can be perfected from the following aspects: the contract law should reposition the actual performance system and take the actual performance as a supplementary and exceptional relief measure, which can only be applied under the specific circumstances; Further clarify and refine the positive and restrictive conditions of the actual performance system, increase the operability of the law; make special provisions for special contracts, form specific and fixed treatment principles; use the theory of efficiency breach of contract to perfect the actual performance system.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：DD913;D956.1
【引证文献】
相关博士学位论文 前1条
1 王莉莉;国际商事合同之实际履行问题研究[D];大连海事大学;2012年
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