清代田宅典契初步研究

发布时间：2018-10-19 20:47

【摘要】： 作为本文研究对象的“田宅典契”是指契约实质内容反映正典法律关系的一类契约。这类契约名称多样,形式相对稳定,完全符合典制转让典业占有、使用、收益的权利,获得典价,并可以回赎的性质。典契与反映借贷担保性质的抵押类契约、动产质押的当票有着根本的不同。为了完成对“典契”这一中国特有现象的初步研究,本文首先对典制产生后各个时期的典制法律规范和契约文本进行简要阐述,重点地对清代典制相关法律和典契文本进行了分析梳理,希望从实质和形式上均能描绘出清代田宅典契的概貌。本文通过对清代以前的田宅典制法律规范及契约文本进行简要梳理,发现典契于发展时期即已形成较为稳定的形式,达到了一定的成熟度,后世典契是在其基础上的进一步完善。本文将清代典制法律规范分为五方面进行阐述,即典的概念、典期、风险负担和房屋修缮、契税和相关双方权利义务五个部分。从中可以看出国家法律对田宅典当一类民间细故的规范持宽松态度,立契人订立契约时可以根据民间习惯进行约定。本文重点对清代田宅典契文本进行考察,从形式、典业种类、标的等方面对其进行分类,并且将文本信息统一归纳总结,概括出契约文本所显示的立契双方权利义务、典期及违约责任等主要内容。最后,对与清代田宅典契有关问题进行探讨,包括亲邻优先权、契约中的受典人权利义务保障机制、重复朦胧典卖、出典人租回出典土地、当契及赋税交割的问题,以期更全面地反映其原貌。
[Abstract]:As the object of this paper, the title deed refers to a kind of contract which reflects the legal relationship of canon. This kind of contract has various names and relatively stable forms, which fully accords with the rights of possession, use and income of the canonical transfer, obtains the price of the code, and can be redeemed. The title deed is fundamentally different from the mortgage contract which reflects the nature of loan guarantee. In order to complete the preliminary study on the "Code contract", this paper first briefly expounds the legal norms and contract texts of the canonical system in each period after the establishment of the Code system. This paper analyzes and combs the relevant laws and documents of the Qing Dynasty, hoping to describe the outline of the land and house title in the Qing Dynasty in essence and form. Through a brief analysis of the legal norms and contract texts of the farmland house system before the Qing Dynasty, it is found that the classical contract has formed a relatively stable form in the period of development, and has reached a certain degree of maturity. The ancient deed of later generations is further consummated on its basis. In this paper, the legal norms of the Qing Dynasty canonical system are divided into five parts, namely, the concept of the Code, the period of the Code, the burden of risk and the repair of houses, the deed tax and the rights and obligations of the related parties. From this, we can see that the state law has a loose attitude towards the fine folk norms of farmland and house pawning, and can be agreed upon according to the folk custom when the initiator enters into a contract. This paper focuses on the study of the text of the title deed of Tian House in Qing Dynasty, classifies it from the aspects of form, type and target, and generalizes the information of the text, and generalizes the rights and obligations of the parties to the contract, which are shown in the text of the contract. Typical period and breach of contract liability and other main content. Finally, the paper discusses the issues related to the title deeds of farmland and houses in the Qing Dynasty, including the priority of the neighboring countries, the protection mechanism of the rights and obligations of the code recipients in the contract, the repeated sale of obscure classics, the rentals of the land by the couriers, the settlement of the deeds and the payment of taxes. In order to reflect its original appearance more comprehensively.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D929;D922.3

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