南京国民政府时期新闻出版法规研究
发布时间：2018-10-20 16:50
【摘要】： 1927年,以蒋介石为代表的国民党在南京建立国民政府,开始了其在中国大陆二十二年的统治。政治上,国民党始终贯彻“以党治国”的方针。与此相适应,在新闻出版事业上,他们实行严格的新闻统制政策,即将全国所有的新闻事业纳入到国民党一党管制之下。根据这一政策,国民政府针对全国的新闻出版事业制定和颁布了《出版法》等一系列法规、法令,据此实行严格的新闻登记制度和新闻检查制度,逐步建立起“以党治国”、“党化新闻”的新闻统制制度。这一制度的具体表现就是国民政府不同时期的新闻出版立法以及其对新闻出版事业的管理。 按照南京国民政府对新闻出版事业管理的松紧程度,笔者将分为五个时期进行论述:1927年至1932年国民政府新闻出版法规体系初成,《出版法》等基础性法规颁布,除了严格限制共产党新闻事业外,其对民营新闻出版事业基本上采取较为宽松的态度以笼络人心,同时也着手建立国民党自己的新闻传播体系;1932年至1935年国民党政权稍得稳固,其新闻政策立即收缩,实施事前检查制,并将其对共产党出版物的控制扩及整个新闻出版业,颁布法令繁多,各项限制加重,国民党新闻统制制度建立;1935年至1939年国共联和抗日,国民党新闻政策稍有放松,共产党部分刊物可在国统区公开出版;1939年至1944年,抗战进入相持阶段,国民党又掀起第二次反共高潮,随着《国民精神总动员纲领及实施办法》和《战时新闻检查办法》等的出台,其对新闻出版界的检查与控制再度加重;1944年至1949年,抗战胜利之初国民党在新闻政策上有所缓和,很快却又因内战爆发而紧缩。其虽然取消了新闻检查制度,但对收复区的新闻统制一刻未停,而其“专制”的结果便是新闻统制与政治统制一起土崩瓦解。 以蒋介石为首的国民党在统治大陆时期的新闻出版政策,始终贯穿的是国民党新闻统制思想和与之相应的新闻检查。为了贯彻这一思想,国民党和国民政府不断颁行法规以为其新闻统制制定法律基础。国民政府在制定新闻出版法规和实施的过程中对新闻出版业造成很大伤害,但是,具有民主、自由意识的中国现代新闻出版业并未在重压之下放弃自己的信仰与追求,他们通过各种方式与国民党新闻统制进行斗争。于是在1949年之前的几十年间,中国出现了新闻出版法规繁苛与新闻出版事业繁荣并存的局面。这一局面形成的原因主要在于国民党新闻出版法规制定和实施过程中存在着自由与专制、党系斗争、人治大于法治等重重矛盾,新闻统制的实施并未达到如期效果,甚至还起到相反的作用。而这些也导致了国民党新闻统制的瓦解乃至其政治统治的溃败。在其败走台湾之后,国民党在台湾立法实施“报禁”,对台湾的新闻出版事业进行统一管理,这在一定程度上也是对南京国民政府时期新闻出版法规的延续。
[Abstract]:In 1927, the Kuomintang, represented by Jiang Jieshi, established the National Government in Nanjing and began its 22-year rule in mainland China. Politically, the Kuomintang has always implemented the principle of "ruling the country by the Party." In line with this, in the press and publishing, they implemented a strict press control policy, that is, all the national press under the control of the Kuomintang, one party. In accordance with this policy, the National Government formulated and promulgated a series of laws and regulations, such as the publication Law, aimed at the press and publication cause of the whole country, in accordance with which a strict press registration system and a press censorship system were implemented, and a "ruling by the Party" was gradually established. The news control system of "Party news". The concrete manifestation of this system is the national government's press and publication legislation in different periods and its management of press and publication. According to the degree of tight management of the press and publication by the Nanjing National Government, the author will discuss it in five periods: from 1927 to 1932, the national government's press and publication laws and regulations were first established, the publication Law was promulgated, and so on. In addition to strictly restricting the journalism of the Communist Party, it basically adopted a more relaxed attitude towards the private press and publishing industry to win over the people, and at the same time set about establishing its own news dissemination system; from 1932 to 1935, the Kuomintang regime gained a little stability. Its news policy immediately shrank, implemented a system of prior censorship, and extended its control over Communist Party publications to the entire press and publishing industry. The KMT press control system was established; from 1935 to 1939, the Kuomintang press policy was slightly relaxed, and some publications of the Communist Party could be published publicly in the Kuomintang controlled areas. From 1939 to 1944, the War of Resistance against Japan entered the stage of confrontation. The Kuomintang also set off a second anti-Communist climax. With the introduction of the General National Spirit Mobilization Program and the wartime News Censorship, the censorship and control of the press and publishing circles increased again; from 1944 to 1949, At the beginning of the victory, the Kuomintang eased its press policy, but soon contracted because of the outbreak of civil war. Although it has abolished the censorship system, the news control over the recovered areas has not stopped for a moment, and the result of its "autocracy" is the collapse of the news control and the political control together. The Kuomintang's press and publication policy, led by Jiang Jieshi in the period of ruling the mainland, always runs through the Kuomintang's thought of controlling journalism and the corresponding censorship of news. In order to carry out this idea, the Kuomintang and the National Government constantly enacted laws and regulations to lay down the legal basis for their journalistic control. The National Government did great harm to the press and publication industry in the process of making and implementing the laws and regulations of press and publication. However, the modern Chinese press and publication industry, with democratic and liberal consciousness, did not give up its belief and pursuit under the heavy pressure. They fought in various ways against the Kuomintang's control of the press. Thus, in the decades before 1949, the press and publication laws and prosperity coexist in China. The main reasons for the formation of this situation are that there are many contradictions in the process of making and implementing the laws and regulations of the press and publication of the Kuomintang, such as freedom and despotism, the struggle of the party system, the rule of man over the rule of law, and so on, and the implementation of the news control system has not achieved the scheduled effect. It even has the opposite effect. These also led to the collapse of the KMT's journalistic control and the collapse of its political rule. After its defeat to Taiwan, the KMT legislated "newspaper ban" in Taiwan and unified management of Taiwan's press and publication, which to a certain extent was a continuation of the press and publication laws and regulations of the Nanjing National Government.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D929;D922.16;G239.29
本文编号：2283772
[Abstract]:In 1927, the Kuomintang, represented by Jiang Jieshi, established the National Government in Nanjing and began its 22-year rule in mainland China. Politically, the Kuomintang has always implemented the principle of "ruling the country by the Party." In line with this, in the press and publishing, they implemented a strict press control policy, that is, all the national press under the control of the Kuomintang, one party. In accordance with this policy, the National Government formulated and promulgated a series of laws and regulations, such as the publication Law, aimed at the press and publication cause of the whole country, in accordance with which a strict press registration system and a press censorship system were implemented, and a "ruling by the Party" was gradually established. The news control system of "Party news". The concrete manifestation of this system is the national government's press and publication legislation in different periods and its management of press and publication. According to the degree of tight management of the press and publication by the Nanjing National Government, the author will discuss it in five periods: from 1927 to 1932, the national government's press and publication laws and regulations were first established, the publication Law was promulgated, and so on. In addition to strictly restricting the journalism of the Communist Party, it basically adopted a more relaxed attitude towards the private press and publishing industry to win over the people, and at the same time set about establishing its own news dissemination system; from 1932 to 1935, the Kuomintang regime gained a little stability. Its news policy immediately shrank, implemented a system of prior censorship, and extended its control over Communist Party publications to the entire press and publishing industry. The KMT press control system was established; from 1935 to 1939, the Kuomintang press policy was slightly relaxed, and some publications of the Communist Party could be published publicly in the Kuomintang controlled areas. From 1939 to 1944, the War of Resistance against Japan entered the stage of confrontation. The Kuomintang also set off a second anti-Communist climax. With the introduction of the General National Spirit Mobilization Program and the wartime News Censorship, the censorship and control of the press and publishing circles increased again; from 1944 to 1949, At the beginning of the victory, the Kuomintang eased its press policy, but soon contracted because of the outbreak of civil war. Although it has abolished the censorship system, the news control over the recovered areas has not stopped for a moment, and the result of its "autocracy" is the collapse of the news control and the political control together. The Kuomintang's press and publication policy, led by Jiang Jieshi in the period of ruling the mainland, always runs through the Kuomintang's thought of controlling journalism and the corresponding censorship of news. In order to carry out this idea, the Kuomintang and the National Government constantly enacted laws and regulations to lay down the legal basis for their journalistic control. The National Government did great harm to the press and publication industry in the process of making and implementing the laws and regulations of press and publication. However, the modern Chinese press and publication industry, with democratic and liberal consciousness, did not give up its belief and pursuit under the heavy pressure. They fought in various ways against the Kuomintang's control of the press. Thus, in the decades before 1949, the press and publication laws and prosperity coexist in China. The main reasons for the formation of this situation are that there are many contradictions in the process of making and implementing the laws and regulations of the press and publication of the Kuomintang, such as freedom and despotism, the struggle of the party system, the rule of man over the rule of law, and so on, and the implementation of the news control system has not achieved the scheduled effect. It even has the opposite effect. These also led to the collapse of the KMT's journalistic control and the collapse of its political rule. After its defeat to Taiwan, the KMT legislated "newspaper ban" in Taiwan and unified management of Taiwan's press and publication, which to a certain extent was a continuation of the press and publication laws and regulations of the Nanjing National Government.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D929;D922.16;G239.29
【引证文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 刘国强;;民国时期《出版法》述评[J];中国出版;2011年21期
，本文编号：2283772
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