从法律经济学到行为法律经济学的逻辑思考

发布时间：2018-10-30 11:40

【摘要】：近几十年来，基于人类经济活动的日益复杂和多样性，人们对经济世界认识的程度也逐步的加深，以理性选择理论为基础的法律经济学受到了前所未有的质疑和挑战，它在对许多经济现象的分析上丧失了传统优势。背离理性选择理论的一些“反常现象”正在逐步进入人们的视野范围，行为法律经济学针对理性选择理论认定的个人在经济活动中完全以追求自身利益最大化为目的的假设，和古典经济学中一贯认定的每个人有足够能力收集并处理自己掌握信息的假设提出了严重的怀疑，同时指出人们在现实世界真实行为的有限理性、有限意志、有限自利，而且正是上述的这些因素促使人们作出与理性选择理论相背的决策。本文首先从法律经济学的历史概述谈起，对法律经济学追本溯源，探求法律经济学在中国乃至整个世界的历史发展进程。其次，这里关注点是如何分析和探究法律经济学的理论基石---理性选择理论，剖析其深层次内涵，明确指出背离理性选择理论的一些“反常现象”，及人们在现实世界真实行为的有限理性、有限意志、有限自利的显著特性。最后，从逻辑的角度识别理性选择理论的偏颇，，并对其进行逻辑上的完善，以此来显示行为法律经济学所具有的逻辑意义。正是基于以上多个方面的分析，我们可以清晰的揭示行为法律经济学所具有的理论和现实前瞻性。本文主要包含以下五个部分：引言说明了文章的中心脉络，明确论文的写作目的和写作过程中所秉承的研究方法。第一章介绍了法律经济学以及这门学科的产生、发展的历史过程，对法律经济学进行历史的清理，是为了更加了解法律经济学这门学科在世界和中国的发展及现状。特别是这门学科研究的基本方法----理性选择，是我们需要关注的。第二章阐明了法律经济学的理论基石----理性选择理论，指出理性选择理论的经典假设和其在部门法间的广泛应用，在此基础上，集中研究了现实世界中存在的大量背离理性选择理论的“反常现象”，并指出理性选择理论所具有的片面强调人的完全理性，忽视个人理性和集体理性之间的冲突，忽视人与环境相关性，机械地假定信息充分和竞争完全等不容忽视的理论和现实的局限性。第三章行为法律经济学对古典经济学理性选择理论的补充和修正，重点阐述现实世界中人的理性所具有有限性：有限理性、有限意志、有限自利及其特征。第四章从演绎推理的角度论证了理性选择理论所具有的偏颇，进一步指出理性选择理论存在逻辑与现实的不一致性，并力图通过对逻辑学相关知识的运用，展现出行为法律经济学意欲彰显的理论研究和政策实践意义。
[Abstract]:In recent decades, due to the increasing complexity and diversity of human economic activities, the degree of people's understanding of the economic world has gradually deepened, and the law and economics based on the theory of rational choice has been questioned and challenged unprecedented. It has lost its traditional advantage in analyzing many economic phenomena. Some "abnormal phenomena" which deviate from the rational choice theory are gradually entering the scope of people's vision. The assumption that the individual in the economic activities of the rational choice theory assumes that the individual should pursue the maximization of his own interests completely in accordance with the hypothesis of rational choice theory. And the assumption in classical economics that everyone has the ability to collect and process their own information raises serious doubts, pointing out that people in the real world act with limited reason, limited will, and limited self-interest. And it is these factors that prompt people to make decisions contrary to rational choice theory. This paper begins with the history of legal economics, tracing back to the source of legal economics, and exploring the historical development process of legal economics in China and the whole world. Secondly, this paper focuses on how to analyze and explore the theoretical cornerstone of legal economics-rational choice theory, analyze its deep connotation, and point out some "abnormal phenomena" that deviate from rational choice theory. And people in the real world of the real behavior of limited rationality, limited will, limited self-interest of the remarkable characteristics. Finally, from the perspective of logic, we identify the bias of rational choice theory and improve it logically to show the logical significance of behavioral law and economics. Based on the above analysis, we can clearly reveal the theoretical and practical foresight of behavioral law and economics. This paper mainly includes the following five parts: the introduction explains the central context of the article, and clarifies the purpose of writing and the research methods carried out in the process of writing. In the first chapter, the author introduces the history of law economics and the emergence and development of this subject. The purpose of this chapter is to get a better understanding of the development and present situation of the subject of law economics in the world and China. In particular, the basic research method of this discipline-rational choice, is what we need to pay attention to. The second chapter expounds the theoretical cornerstone of law and economics-rational choice theory, and points out the classical hypothesis of rational choice theory and its wide application in the field of law, on the basis of which, This paper focuses on a large number of "abnormal phenomena" which deviate from the theory of rational choice in the real world, and points out that the theory of rational choice has one-sided emphasis on the complete rationality of human beings, while ignoring the conflict between individual rationality and collective rationality. Ignoring the correlation between human and environment and mechanically assuming that the information is sufficient and competitive, the limitations of theory and reality can not be ignored. The third chapter is the supplement and revision of the theory of rational choice in classical economics by behavioral legal economics, which focuses on the limitation of human rationality in the real world: limited reason, limited will, limited self-interest and its characteristics. Chapter four demonstrates the bias of rational choice theory from the angle of deductive reasoning, further points out the inconsistency between logic and reality in rational choice theory, and tries to apply the relevant knowledge of logic. It shows the theoretical research and the practical significance of the policy.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D90-059

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