人权的条件—来自阿伦特的反省与启示
发布时间：2018-12-29 10:55
【摘要】：本文主要借助于阿伦特的主要作品,尽可能地考察清楚其理论和思想内涵,从中挖掘出阿伦特的人权思想。《极权主义的起源》是对人权终结的逻辑怪圈的详细揭露,是阿伦特对其所处时代人权经验的深刻感悟。而《人的境况》、《共和的危机》《论革命》等著作也同样围绕着《极权主义的起源》所关注的“公共”性来进行展开,这些作品更像是面向极权主义恶疾的对症下药。极权主义产生于个体对于公共生活即政治的背弃,而若想要扼制极权主义的萌芽,就要发挥个体行动的能力,不断地参与到公共生活中,通过自己的行动和言语表达来形成政治共同体,通过政治共同体所显现的权力来保护自己的人权。 阿伦特认为公共领域是人获得自由的基础,公共领域的形成是人权能够得以实现的条件,然而公共领域的形成却依靠个体以行动的方式来参与,人权成了一个存在主义之维度的概念,再也不能简单地通过定义来把握它,只能通过外显为行动的实践才能实现。对以往人权观念的批判成了阿伦特对人权的独特见解,这种见解对当代是极具启发意义的。 本文共分为五个部分,有一个引言和四个章节组成。引言简述了选题意义和研究方法。第一章结合阿伦特犹太人身份经历和思想继承来讲了阿伦特人权思想形成的背景。第二部分论述了人权被极权主义终结的原因,因为传统的人权观存在自身的矛盾加之当时技术理性膨胀,个体在公共领域的退出,导致极权主乘虚而入。第三章主要论述了抵制极权主义和实现人权的条件,根据阿伦特的解读,要重新定位人权的基础,个体要积极参与公共领域才是实现人权的条件。第四章是阿伦特人权思想对当下时代的启示,先揭示中国发展中曾经存在过的极权主义因素,接着论述了在新时代下的人权实践优势。
[Abstract]:With the help of Arendt's main works, this paper tries to find out Arendt's human rights theory and ideological connotation as much as possible. "the Origin of totalitarianism" is a detailed revelation of the logical circle of the end of human rights. It is Arendt's profound understanding of the human rights experience of his time. "the situation of Man", "the crisis of the Republic" and "on Revolution" also revolve around the "public" nature concerned by the Origin of totalitarianism, which is more like a remedy for the evil diseases of totalitarianism. Totalitarianism arises from the betrayal of public life by individuals, that is, politics. If we want to control the germination of totalitarianism, we must exert the ability of individual action and participate in public life constantly. To form a political community through their own actions and expressions, and to protect their human rights through the power of the political community. Arendt believes that the public sphere is the basis for human freedom, and the formation of the public sphere is the condition for the realization of human rights. However, the formation of the public sphere depends on the participation of individuals in the way of action. The concept of human rights has become an existentialist dimension, which can no longer be grasped simply by definition, but only through the practice of explicit action. The criticism of human rights in the past has become Arendt's unique view of human rights, which is instructive to the present. This paper is divided into five parts, with an introduction and four chapters. The introduction outlines the significance and research methods of the topic. The first chapter discusses the background of Arendt's human rights thought based on Arendt's Jewish identity experience and inheritance. The second part discusses the reason of the end of human rights by totalitarianism, because the traditional concept of human rights has its own contradictions and the expansion of technical rationality at that time, the withdrawal of individuals in the public domain, leading to totalitarianism. The third chapter mainly discusses the conditions of resisting totalitarianism and realizing human rights. According to Arendt's interpretation, to reposition the foundation of human rights, the individual should actively participate in the public sphere is the condition to realize human rights. The fourth chapter is the enlightenment of Arendt's human rights thought to the present era, first revealing the totalitarian factors that existed in the development of China, and then discussing the practical advantages of human rights in the new era.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D909.1
本文编号：2394748
[Abstract]:With the help of Arendt's main works, this paper tries to find out Arendt's human rights theory and ideological connotation as much as possible. "the Origin of totalitarianism" is a detailed revelation of the logical circle of the end of human rights. It is Arendt's profound understanding of the human rights experience of his time. "the situation of Man", "the crisis of the Republic" and "on Revolution" also revolve around the "public" nature concerned by the Origin of totalitarianism, which is more like a remedy for the evil diseases of totalitarianism. Totalitarianism arises from the betrayal of public life by individuals, that is, politics. If we want to control the germination of totalitarianism, we must exert the ability of individual action and participate in public life constantly. To form a political community through their own actions and expressions, and to protect their human rights through the power of the political community. Arendt believes that the public sphere is the basis for human freedom, and the formation of the public sphere is the condition for the realization of human rights. However, the formation of the public sphere depends on the participation of individuals in the way of action. The concept of human rights has become an existentialist dimension, which can no longer be grasped simply by definition, but only through the practice of explicit action. The criticism of human rights in the past has become Arendt's unique view of human rights, which is instructive to the present. This paper is divided into five parts, with an introduction and four chapters. The introduction outlines the significance and research methods of the topic. The first chapter discusses the background of Arendt's human rights thought based on Arendt's Jewish identity experience and inheritance. The second part discusses the reason of the end of human rights by totalitarianism, because the traditional concept of human rights has its own contradictions and the expansion of technical rationality at that time, the withdrawal of individuals in the public domain, leading to totalitarianism. The third chapter mainly discusses the conditions of resisting totalitarianism and realizing human rights. According to Arendt's interpretation, to reposition the foundation of human rights, the individual should actively participate in the public sphere is the condition to realize human rights. The fourth chapter is the enlightenment of Arendt's human rights thought to the present era, first revealing the totalitarian factors that existed in the development of China, and then discussing the practical advantages of human rights in the new era.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D909.1
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前2条
1 陈海平;;公共领域与人的自由——汉娜·阿伦特的积极公民观及其启示[J];河北学刊;2006年03期
2 张云龙;;阿伦特人权现象学探微[J];浙江社会科学;2011年09期
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