效率与正当性:我国行政立法制度的核心——美国行政立法制度的借鉴意义

发布时间：2019-01-26 19:19

【摘要】：行政立法在我国广泛存在。这既与新中国的政治制度与政治实践有关,也与行政权在我国政治生活中具有重要地位的历史传统密切相关。而美国的行政立法,原本是行政权不断扩张的产物,是有悖于其三权分立的宪政制度的,并已经构成了美国宪法事实上的修正案。尽管中美两国行政立法产生的历史背景不一,但在制度上都面临相同的问题,即在维护行政效率的同时,如何保证行政立法在程序和内容上具有正当性。美国的立法与司法实践总是在二者之间摇摆不定,但在总体上倾向于后者。而我国行政立法一般都是出台较快,看似高效,但却在内容正当性方面有待加强,因而,导致实施过程中有的成为闲置不用的废法,出现实际上的不效率;乃至引发人们对法律的漠视与不信任,最终有碍法治建设。借鉴美国的做法,我国应当在制度上加强权力机关在行政立法事前与立法过程中的监督作用,发挥司法机关司法审查的事后监督作用,以确保行政立法的正当性。
[Abstract]:Administrative legislation exists widely in our country. This is not only related to the political system and practice of the people's Republic of China, but also to the historical tradition that the executive power plays an important role in the political life of our country. The administrative legislation of the United States, originally the product of the continuous expansion of the executive power, is contrary to its constitutional system of separation of powers, and has already constituted a de facto amendment to the Constitution of the United States. Although the historical background of administrative legislation in China and the United States is different, they are faced with the same problems in system, that is, how to ensure the legitimacy of administrative legislation in procedure and content while maintaining administrative efficiency. The legislative and judicial practice in the United States always wobble between the two, but generally tend to the latter. However, the administrative legislation of our country is generally issued quickly and appears to be efficient, but it needs to be strengthened in the aspect of content legitimacy. As a result, some of the laws that are idle and unused in the process of implementation appear inefficiency in practice; It even causes people's disregard and distrust of the law, which ultimately hinders the construction of the rule of law. Drawing on the practice of the United States, our country should strengthen the supervisory role of the power organs in the administrative legislation beforehand and in the legislative process, and give play to the judicial review after the supervision function in order to ensure the legitimacy of the administrative legislation.
【作者单位】：南京财经大学法学院;
【分类号】：D971.2;D922.1

【共引文献】