法律之外的秩序

发布时间：2019-01-27 14:41

【摘要】： 本文通过引言部分的短语概括,陈述自然秩序和人类社会的演进过程,强调人类自产生以来就无可避免的需要并必须的借助于某种秩序(包括早期的禁忌、蒙昧的习惯等)来延续自身的存在,以期实现人与自然、人与人等现实问题的和谐与平衡。尊重多种秩序形态的共存、建构均衡与和谐的社会秩序便是本文立意的目的和写作的逻辑起点。第一部分以两个调查报告为现实案例,即以“民国时期土匪治下的乡土社会”为案例,为本文提供一个真实的国家法律调控以外的“秩序井然”之模型,引出社会控制的方式不止于法律调控等问题;以“陕南山区的传统葬礼”为背景,陈述一个传统的道德伦理秩序对孝义观念影响的现实价值,强调道德伦理规范、民间规范的价值和启示。第二部分,通过对“局限”和“有限”的逻辑辨析,论述法律并非万能、人类认识的相对局限性以及物质世界的无限性,进而强调法律与现实世界的永不同步的滞后性等特征。基于此结论,引出法律作为一种秩序形态,不仅是有限的,而且应是开放的,以此弥补调整的边界和滞后的时差等问题。第三部分,通过简述不同视角下对秩序的理解和定义,明确本文的观点,以社会控制理论为视域,创新性的提出秩序划分理论,即秩序首先分为自然秩序和社会秩序,本文研究对象为社会秩序,社会秩序又按照一定的标准划分为法律秩序、道德秩序、宗教秩序和民间秩序四种形态。以“四分法”为基础,分析了法律秩序在社会控制方式中的重要地位及其缺憾,提出应当重新估划各秩序形态的属性和价值,进而论证和梳理划分理由及其四种秩序形态之间的关系。第四部分,着重论述法律之外的秩序,即民间秩序、道德秩序、宗教秩序的内涵与外延。其中,以民间秩序和道德秩序为重点论述对象,通过对民间秩序、道德秩序、宗教秩序各自的起源和演进历程、调控领域等问题的研究,进一步论证主题的存在价值。第五部分,着重探讨法律之外的秩序和法治社会构建的关系。以英国普通法与衡平法的演进关系,及前文探讨过的“自生自发秩序”、“非正式制度”等视域和结论,进一步论证法律中心主义和“单向度”思维的危险性,反思我国法治进程中对法律秩序的过分强调,对其它秩序形态的弱化或忽视等问题。创新性的提出法治社会更应该是一个法律自律、多元秩序并存共进的模式。从而回应文章在第一部分最后的设问“在现代法治社会的建构过程中,什么是我们的生活指南”等问题。最终,强调秩序的不同类别应该被广泛尊重,即使是建设法治社会,对于民间、道德、宗教等多元规约更应怀有敬重,多元秩序应该共进运行。
[Abstract]:This paper summarizes the natural order and the evolution of human society through the phrase in the introductory part, emphasizing the inevitable need of human beings since their birth and the necessity to resort to some order (including early taboos). In order to realize the harmony and balance between man and nature, between man and man, etc. Respecting the coexistence of various forms of order and constructing a balanced and harmonious social order is the purpose of this paper and the logical starting point of writing. The first part takes two investigation reports as realistic cases, that is, "the local society under the rule of bandits in the period of the Republic of China" as a case, which provides a real "orderly" model outside the legal control of the state. Leading to the way of social control is not only legal control and other issues; With the background of "traditional funeral in the mountain area of southern Shaanxi", this paper expounds the realistic value of the influence of a traditional moral and ethical order on the concept of filial piety, and emphasizes the value and enlightenment of moral and ethical norms and folk norms. In the second part, by analyzing the logic of "limitation" and "limitation", the author discusses that law is not omnipotent, the relative limitation of human cognition and the infinity of material world, and then emphasizes the characteristics of law and real world which never synchronize and lag behind. Based on this conclusion, it leads to the conclusion that law, as an order form, is not only limited but also open, so as to make up for the adjustment boundary and lag time difference and so on. The third part, through the brief introduction to the understanding and definition of order from different perspectives, clarifies the point of view of this paper, taking the theory of social control as the visual field, puts forward the theory of order division innovatively, that is, order is divided into natural order and social order first. The object of this study is social order, which is divided into four forms according to certain standards: legal order, moral order, religious order and folk order. Based on the Quadratic Law, this paper analyzes the important position of the legal order in the mode of social control and its shortcomings, and puts forward that the attributes and values of the various forms of order should be reassessed. And then demonstrates and combs the division of reasons and the relationship between the four forms of order. The fourth part focuses on the connotation and extension of the order outside the law, that is, the folk order, the moral order and the religious order. Among them, the folk order and moral order as the focus of the object, through the folk order, moral order, religious order of the origin and evolution of the history, regulatory field and other issues, further demonstrate the value of the existence of the theme. The fifth part focuses on the relationship between the order outside the law and the construction of the society ruled by law. Based on the evolutionary relationship between English common law and equity law, as well as the perspectives and conclusions of "spontaneous order" and "informal system" discussed above, this paper further demonstrates the danger of legal centralism and unidirectional thinking. In the process of ruling by law in our country, the excessive emphasis on legal order and the weakening or neglecting of other order forms are reflected. Innovatively put forward the rule of law society should be a legal self-discipline, the coexistence of multiple order mode. Thus, in the first part of the article, the author asks, "what is our guide to life in the process of constructing a modern society ruled by law?" Finally, the emphasis on different types of order should be widely respected, even in the construction of a society ruled by law, the civil, moral, religious and other pluralistic statutes should be respected, the pluralistic order should work together.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D90

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