从美国《专利法》第102条看发明人先申请制的实质

发布时间：2019-01-29 20:11

【摘要】：《美国发明法》在2011年9月16日正式生效。这项综合性改革方案使美国国会终于完成了长达30年的专利法革命,并牵涉到美国专利法的几乎每一个基本的方面。其对美国专利制度的影响之大,被认为是仅次于1952年《专利法》的一项制度性革命。而其中最为重要的,也是最受世人关注的是一项改革,就是对《专利法》第102条的修改。2013年3月16日之后,美国结束了自1790年首次制定专利法以来所奉行的"先发明制",而改为"发明人先申请制"。与一般理解相反的是,它并没有完全采用世界其他国家和地区普遍采用的"先申请制"。同样应当注意的是,尽管人们理解AIA对《专利法》第102条的修改具有革命性,但它实际并未完全抛弃现行专利法的基本规则、基本概念与原理。因此,为了正确理解美国专利法的发明人先申请制,有必要从《专利法》第102条的文本入手,比较其在AIA实施前后关于新颖性、现有技术、宽限期、披露等概念与规则的异同,以及它们与其他国家专利法相关制度的差别。
[Abstract]:The American Invention Act came into effect on September 16, 2011. This comprehensive reform program finally completed a 30-year patent law revolution in Congress and involved almost every fundamental aspect of American patent law. Its influence on the patent system of the United States is considered to be second only to the patent law of 1952 as an institutional revolution. And one of the most important, and most noticed, is the reform of Article 102 of the Patent Law. After March 16, 2013, the United States ended the "first invention system" that has been practised since the first patent law was enacted in 1790. Instead, it was changed to "Inventors first apply". Contrary to the general understanding, it does not completely adopt the "first-application" system, which is widely used in other countries and regions of the world. It should also be noted that although AIA is understood to be revolutionary in amending Article 102 of the Patent Law, it has not completely abandoned the basic rules, basic concepts and principles of the existing Patent Law. Therefore, in order to correctly understand the inventor's first application system of the United States Patent Law, it is necessary to start with the text of Article 102 of the Patent Law, and compare the similarities and differences between the concepts and rules about novelty, existing technology, grace period, disclosure and so on before and after the implementation of AIA. And their differences from other countries' patent law related systems.
【作者单位】：中国人民大学法学院;
【分类号】：D971.2;DD913

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