大清律例与近代两部刑法典在总则性定罪量刑规定上的比较

发布时间：2019-03-06 09:11

【摘要】： 《大清律例》与《大清新刑律》、1935年《中华民国刑法》在内容上既有继承,又有发展。三部法典时间跨度长,前后联系紧密。《大清新刑律》作为刑法近代化的法典开山之作,是对《大清律例》的扬弃。1935年《中华民国刑法》对《大清新刑律》的继承则更为明显。刑法典当中的定罪量刑情节,是我国传统刑法中特色非常明显的一部分。选择对对三者比较,有一定的理论和现实意义。既是对三部法典定罪量刑相关法条的梳理,也是对法条背后的法理的挖掘。文章首先对定罪量刑的过程、定罪量刑情节的定义、分类予以讨论,以对讨论的话题有所限定。并对三部法典在定罪量刑的过程,予以比较。文章的主体部分,分门别类地对三部法典在定罪量刑情节的异同进行对比。其中对法条多有引用。文章仍采用犯罪构成四要件的学说,即犯罪主体、犯罪主观方面、犯罪客体、犯罪客观方面四部分。第二章是关于犯罪主体与主观方面部分。文章对犯罪主体之间的身份、状态等相关情节进行比较。《大清律例》非常重视犯罪者的身份,依据政治地位、民族身份、职业身份,给予不同的处罚。同时文章比较了三部法典中主观恶性和对犯罪的认识因素、犯罪的品德因素对定罪量刑的影响。而对于年龄、健康因素的关注,则是三部法典继承与发展的部分。第三章是关于犯罪客体与客观方面。犯罪客体方面的比较主要是重罪不予减免、区分公罪、私罪、重视犯罪人之间的尊卑关系等。关于犯罪客观方面的比较,主要是关于累犯、自首、逃脱及地域因素。第四章是关于犯罪形态和排除违法性的规定的比较。犯罪形态包括犯罪停止形态、组合形态、罪数形态,。排除违法性的规定则包括正当防卫和紧急避险、依法令行为与公序良俗,犯罪人已受外国处罚等。文章都一一进行了对比通过对三部法典定罪量刑情节的比较及发掘,可以发现,三部法典之间变化的趋势有三个方面。首先是由严刑峻法向轻刑化转变,再到注重预防。其次是从身份等级到人人平等。从出礼入刑、礼刑合一到法律与道德的分离。最后是修律过程从过分西化到有所纠偏。三部法典跨越100余年,其后均有所继承和发展。
[Abstract]:In 1935, the Criminal Law of the Republic of China inherited and developed both in content and in the law of the Qing Dynasty and the Criminal Law of the Republic of China. The three codes have a long time span and are closely connected before and after. The Great fresh Criminal Law, as a work of the modernization of criminal law, has a long time span and is closely connected with each other before and after. The inheritance of the Criminal Law of the Republic of China in 1935 was more obvious than that of the Criminal Law of the Republic of China. The circumstance of conviction and sentencing in the criminal code is a very obvious part of the traditional criminal law in our country. The choice has certain theoretical and practical significance to the comparison of the three. It is not only the carding of the relevant articles of conviction and sentencing of the three codes, but also the excavation of the legal principle behind the articles. Firstly, this paper discusses the process of conviction and sentencing, the definition and classification of the circumstances of conviction and sentencing, in order to limit the topic discussed. And the three codes in the process of conviction and sentencing, to be compared. The main part of the article compares the similarities and differences between the three codes in the circumstances of conviction and sentencing. There are many references to the law. The article still adopts the theory that crime consists of four parts: the subject of crime, the subjective aspect of crime, the object of crime and the objective aspect of crime. The second chapter is about the subject and subjective aspects of the crime. In this paper, the author compares the identity, status and other relevant circumstances among the subjects of crime. The Qing Law attaches great importance to the identity of the offender and gives different punishments according to the political status, the national identity and the professional status. At the same time, the article compares the subjective malignancy and the cognitive factors of crime, and the influence of the moral factors of crime on conviction and sentencing in the three codes. The attention to age and health factors is part of the inheritance and development of the three codes. The third chapter is about the object and objective aspects of the crime. The comparison of the object of crime mainly includes no exemption of felony, distinction of public crime, private crime, emphasis on the relationship between the superior and inferior of the criminal and so on. On the objective aspects of crime comparison, mainly about recidivism, surrender, escape and regional factors. The fourth chapter is about the comparison of the criminal form and the rule of excluding illegality. The crime form includes the crime stop form, the combination form, the crime number form,. The provisions of excluding illegality include self-defense and emergency risk avoidance, lawful acts and public order and good customs, and criminals have been punished by foreign countries. Through comparing and excavating the circumstances of conviction and sentencing of the three codes, we can find that there are three aspects of the changing trend of the three codes. The first is the change from severe punishment to light punishment, and then to pay attention to prevention. The second is from the rank of status to equality for all. From offering ceremony into punishment, the combination of etiquette and punishment to the separation of law and morality. Finally, the process of revision of the law from excessive westernization to some correction. The three codes span more than 100 years, and have been inherited and developed since then.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D924;D929

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