侵权法的正义理念研究
发布时间：2019-04-16 14:58
【摘要】： 正义理念问题是关系侵权法能否走出理论困境、实现制度创新的关键。侵权法在发展的不同时期具有不同的正义理念。近代社会以来,侵权法的正义理念从维护个人自由权利走向维护社会一般安全,在风险社会侵权法的使命则是如何来公平的分配风险。侵权法又是一部有关责任的法律,其正义理念和相应的制度设计直接体现在责任的规定之上。就责任的承担而言,它决定现实社会生活层面上发生的损害,受害人是否及能否得到法律上的救济。近代侵权法的价值基础是自由主义,其追求个体正义,遵循矫正正义和抽象平等观念。在制度上设计上则是采用过错责任,以抑制对自由的侵害,激发社会每个成员的创造活力,从而促使社会财富的迅速增长。但是近代侵权法在应对大量的工业事故和人身损害问题上,出现了制度失灵。以社会一般安全为价值基础的严格责任适时而生。严格责任以社会安全为目标,体现的是一种社会正义。在制度设计上则是通过与保险制度相结合,将损失分散到社会,扩大了救济的力度。严格责任制度适应现代社会的要求,在促进人的发展、社会资源配置、受害人利益维护等层面上发挥积极作用。当人类社会全面进入风险社会后,基于“风险——分配”逻辑,在人类社会追求社会正义价值的指引下,侵权行为法正悄悄的迎来一场深层次的变革,如何公平的分配社会风险,促进个人自由价值与社会公共安全价值和谐是侵权法的新使命。
[Abstract]:The question of justice idea is the key to get out of the theoretical predicament and realize the system innovation of tort law. Tort law has different concepts of justice in different periods of development. Since the modern society, the concept of justice in tort law has changed from safeguarding individual freedom right to maintaining general social security, and the mission of tort law in risk society is how to distribute risk fairly. Tort law is also a law of liability, its justice concept and corresponding system design are directly reflected in the provisions of liability. As far as liability is concerned, it determines whether and whether the victim can get legal relief for the damage occurring in the real social life. The value foundation of modern tort law is liberalism, which pursues individual justice and follows the concept of corrective justice and abstract equality. In the institutional design, fault liability is adopted to restrain the infringement of freedom, stimulate the creative vitality of every member of society, and thus promote the rapid growth of social wealth. However, modern tort law has appeared system failure in dealing with a large number of industrial accidents and personal injury. Strict liability based on social security as the basis of value is timely. Strict liability aims at social security and embodies a kind of social justice. In the system design, through the combination with the insurance system, the loss is dispersed to the society, and the relief is expanded. Strict liability system adapts to the requirements of modern society and plays an active role in promoting the development of human beings, the allocation of social resources, the maintenance of victims' interests and so on. When the human society fully enters the risk society, based on the logic of "risk-distribution", under the guidance of the pursuit of social justice value in the human society, the tort law is quietly ushering in a deep-seated change. It is a new mission of tort law that how to distribute social risks fairly and promote the harmony between individual free value and social public safety value.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D90-05
本文编号：2458870
[Abstract]:The question of justice idea is the key to get out of the theoretical predicament and realize the system innovation of tort law. Tort law has different concepts of justice in different periods of development. Since the modern society, the concept of justice in tort law has changed from safeguarding individual freedom right to maintaining general social security, and the mission of tort law in risk society is how to distribute risk fairly. Tort law is also a law of liability, its justice concept and corresponding system design are directly reflected in the provisions of liability. As far as liability is concerned, it determines whether and whether the victim can get legal relief for the damage occurring in the real social life. The value foundation of modern tort law is liberalism, which pursues individual justice and follows the concept of corrective justice and abstract equality. In the institutional design, fault liability is adopted to restrain the infringement of freedom, stimulate the creative vitality of every member of society, and thus promote the rapid growth of social wealth. However, modern tort law has appeared system failure in dealing with a large number of industrial accidents and personal injury. Strict liability based on social security as the basis of value is timely. Strict liability aims at social security and embodies a kind of social justice. In the system design, through the combination with the insurance system, the loss is dispersed to the society, and the relief is expanded. Strict liability system adapts to the requirements of modern society and plays an active role in promoting the development of human beings, the allocation of social resources, the maintenance of victims' interests and so on. When the human society fully enters the risk society, based on the logic of "risk-distribution", under the guidance of the pursuit of social justice value in the human society, the tort law is quietly ushering in a deep-seated change. It is a new mission of tort law that how to distribute social risks fairly and promote the harmony between individual free value and social public safety value.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：D90-05
【引证文献】
相关博士学位论文 前3条
1 田园;侵权行为客观归责理论研究[D];吉林大学;2011年
2 杨婧;侵权责任构成之违法性要件研究[D];郑州大学;2012年
3 刘宏渭;连带债务法律制度研究[D];山东大学;2012年
相关硕士学位论文 前3条
1 王砚;我国侵权责任法的权利本位理念研究[D];吉林大学;2011年
2 廖栋培;论建筑物不明坠物致害责任[D];西南政法大学;2011年
3 刘明奎;论私域何以需要国家的有限规制[D];吉林大学;2010年
，本文编号：2458870
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