1965年以来美国的外来移民及其经济影响
发布时间：2019-04-21 09:11
【摘要】： 自20世纪60年代以来,特别是在1965年《移民与国籍法修正案》颁布之后,美国的外来移民潮发生了显著变化,移民的教育程度与技能水平等均呈现出了新的特征与趋势。与此同时,美国也经历着一次前所未有的经济重构,即由工业经济向服务业经济的转型。在这种历史背景下,围绕着外来移民的经济影响问题,美国社会再次爆发了空前的激烈争论。许多美国人认为当代移民已不适应美国经济发展的需要,因而对美国经济产生了不利影响。对此,本文利用大量的美国政府原始文献、各类研究机构报告以及学者的相关著述,运用历史学的研究视角,综合其他学科的研究方法,对美国的当代移民及其经济影响问题做一历史考察。 全文由绪论、五章正文、结语三部分构成。绪论部分介绍了本研究的选题缘由、研究目标与意义、研究的创新与不足,同时也对中外学者关于这一课题的相关研究做了一个概要的评述; 第一章回顾了1965年以来的移民潮,着重探讨了1965年《移民与国籍法修正案》形成的历史背景、内容与影响,分析1965年以来入境移民的不同类别,并对移民潮形成的原因加以探讨; 第二章考察了当代移民的人口、教育程度、职业类别以及居住分布等方面的特征,对他们呈现出来的一些新的特点与趋势作了详细分析; 第三章从美国经济重构的视角探讨了当代美国经济对外来移民的需求,同时也考察了当代移民在美国就业市场中的经济同化。它表明,当代移民的到来仍是满足美国经济需求的一个直接结果,并且随着时间的发展,移民也将在美国逐步实现经济同化;第四章针对美国人关于移民的经济影响的争论,对移民的就业市场影响与福利影响作以历史的考察,表明当代移民并未对美国经济产生消极影响,相反,从一个长远的角度来看却产生了较为积极的经济影响; 第五章探讨了当代移民对于美国经济发展所作出的贡献,分别从移民与劳动力供应以及高、低技术移民与美国经济发展的关系的层面,并结合以个案分析,来说明当代移民对于美国经济的重要意义; 结语部分对当代移民的经济影响问题作以简要总结,认为当代移民仍对美国经济产生了积极的影响,是一笔巨大的财富而并非是妨碍经济发展的包袱。同时,笔者也提出了探讨移民经济影响需要注意的几个问题:(1)移民的经济性影响与非经济性影响;(2)移民的宏观经济影响与微观经济影响;(3)移民的长期经济影响与短期经济影响;(4)移民的显性经济影响与隐性经济影响。
[Abstract]:Since the 1960s, especially after the Amendment of the Immigration and nationality Act was promulgated in 1965, the immigration tide in the United States has changed significantly, and the level of education and skills of immigrants has presented new characteristics and trends. At the same time, the United States also experienced an unprecedented economic restructuring, that is, the transformation from industrial economy to service economy. Under this kind of historical background, the American society again broke out the unprecedented fierce debate around the economic influence of the immigrants. Many Americans believe that contemporary immigrants are not adapted to the needs of the United States economy, and thus have a negative impact on the United States economy. In view of this, this paper makes use of a large number of original documents of the American government, reports of various research institutions and relevant works of scholars, and uses the perspective of history to synthesize the research methods of other disciplines. A historical study of contemporary immigration and its economic impact in the United States. The full text is composed of three parts: introduction, five chapters, and conclusion. The introduction introduces the reasons, objectives and significance of this study, the innovation and deficiency of the research, and also makes a summary comment on the relevant research on this subject by Chinese and foreign scholars. The first chapter reviews the migration tide since 1965, focuses on the historical background, content and impact of the 1965 Amendment to the Immigration and nationality Law, and analyzes the different categories of immigration since 1965. The reasons for the formation of migration tide are also discussed. The second chapter examines the characteristics of contemporary immigrants in terms of population, educational level, occupational categories and residential distribution, and makes a detailed analysis of some new characteristics and trends that they present. The third chapter discusses the demand of contemporary American economy for immigrants from the perspective of economic reconstruction in the United States, and also examines the economic assimilation of contemporary immigrants in the employment market of the United States. It shows that the arrival of contemporary immigrants is still a direct result of meeting the economic needs of the United States, and with the development of time, immigrants will gradually achieve economic assimilation in the United States; The fourth chapter focuses on the debate about the economic impact of immigration, and makes a historical study of the employment market impact and welfare impact of immigrants. It shows that the contemporary immigration has not had a negative impact on the American economy, on the contrary, the current immigration has not had a negative impact on the American economy. From a long-term perspective, however, it has produced a more positive economic impact; The fifth chapter discusses the contribution of contemporary immigrants to the economic development of the United States, from the perspective of immigration and labor supply, and the relationship between high-skilled and low-skilled immigrants and the economic development of the United States, and combined with a case study of the relationship between immigrants and economic development in the United States. To illustrate the significance of contemporary immigration to the American economy; The conclusion makes a brief summary of the economic impact of contemporary immigrants, and argues that contemporary immigrants still have a positive impact on the American economy, which is a great wealth rather than a burden that hinders the development of the economy. At the same time, the author also puts forward some problems that need to be paid attention to: (1) the economic and non-economic effects of immigrants, (2) the macro-economic and micro-economic effects of immigrants, and the other is the economic and non-economic impacts of immigrants. (3) the long-term and short-term economic effects of immigrants, and (4) the explicit and implicit economic effects of immigrants.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D971.2
本文编号：2462047
[Abstract]:Since the 1960s, especially after the Amendment of the Immigration and nationality Act was promulgated in 1965, the immigration tide in the United States has changed significantly, and the level of education and skills of immigrants has presented new characteristics and trends. At the same time, the United States also experienced an unprecedented economic restructuring, that is, the transformation from industrial economy to service economy. Under this kind of historical background, the American society again broke out the unprecedented fierce debate around the economic influence of the immigrants. Many Americans believe that contemporary immigrants are not adapted to the needs of the United States economy, and thus have a negative impact on the United States economy. In view of this, this paper makes use of a large number of original documents of the American government, reports of various research institutions and relevant works of scholars, and uses the perspective of history to synthesize the research methods of other disciplines. A historical study of contemporary immigration and its economic impact in the United States. The full text is composed of three parts: introduction, five chapters, and conclusion. The introduction introduces the reasons, objectives and significance of this study, the innovation and deficiency of the research, and also makes a summary comment on the relevant research on this subject by Chinese and foreign scholars. The first chapter reviews the migration tide since 1965, focuses on the historical background, content and impact of the 1965 Amendment to the Immigration and nationality Law, and analyzes the different categories of immigration since 1965. The reasons for the formation of migration tide are also discussed. The second chapter examines the characteristics of contemporary immigrants in terms of population, educational level, occupational categories and residential distribution, and makes a detailed analysis of some new characteristics and trends that they present. The third chapter discusses the demand of contemporary American economy for immigrants from the perspective of economic reconstruction in the United States, and also examines the economic assimilation of contemporary immigrants in the employment market of the United States. It shows that the arrival of contemporary immigrants is still a direct result of meeting the economic needs of the United States, and with the development of time, immigrants will gradually achieve economic assimilation in the United States; The fourth chapter focuses on the debate about the economic impact of immigration, and makes a historical study of the employment market impact and welfare impact of immigrants. It shows that the contemporary immigration has not had a negative impact on the American economy, on the contrary, the current immigration has not had a negative impact on the American economy. From a long-term perspective, however, it has produced a more positive economic impact; The fifth chapter discusses the contribution of contemporary immigrants to the economic development of the United States, from the perspective of immigration and labor supply, and the relationship between high-skilled and low-skilled immigrants and the economic development of the United States, and combined with a case study of the relationship between immigrants and economic development in the United States. To illustrate the significance of contemporary immigration to the American economy; The conclusion makes a brief summary of the economic impact of contemporary immigrants, and argues that contemporary immigrants still have a positive impact on the American economy, which is a great wealth rather than a burden that hinders the development of the economy. At the same time, the author also puts forward some problems that need to be paid attention to: (1) the economic and non-economic effects of immigrants, (2) the macro-economic and micro-economic effects of immigrants, and the other is the economic and non-economic impacts of immigrants. (3) the long-term and short-term economic effects of immigrants, and (4) the explicit and implicit economic effects of immigrants.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：D971.2
【引证文献】
相关博士学位论文 前3条
1 黄霜;华裔美国人的异族婚姻[D];上海外国语大学;2011年
2 吕洪艳;美国女性单亲家庭福利史研究（1935-1996）[D];东北师范大学;2011年
3 赵昌汉;衰落与复苏：二战后美国学校道德教育变迁研究[D];华中师范大学;2013年
相关硕士学位论文 前2条
1 姜丽霞;“9.11”事件后美国的穆斯林移民政策研究[D];云南大学;2012年
2 韩丹;试论美国的印度技术移民及其影响（1965-2000）[D];东北师范大学;2012年
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