地域高原的财产法—藏族财产法史研究

发布时间：2019-04-27 09:10

【摘要】：藏族古代财产法是藏族传统法文化的重要组成部分。早在公元六、七世纪吐蕃王朝时期的《法律二十条》、《六大法典》和《三十六制》以及敦煌出土的《吐蕃三律》等成文法中,就已出现关于农牧经济发展,土地、牧场、牲畜等财产归属、使用,买卖、借贷契约,“如期还债”和“斗秤公平”等交易原则,财产侵权赔偿,盗窃追偿、财产纠纷处理与诉讼等一系列独具特色的藏族民事财产法律规范与制度。本论文通过研究藏族古代财产法发生、发展、演变的过程,通过对藏族社会不同历史阶段制定法、部落习惯法及乡规俗例中涉及民事财产方面内容的分析,对藏族历史上曾经存在过的民事主体制度、物权制度、债权制度、侵权责任制度等财产法律制度以及藏族古代财产法律制度下的民事财产关系进行研究,以探求藏族游牧文化背景下藏族古代财产法文化的特点。首先,本文论述了藏族古代财产法的流变与渊源,藏族古代财产法经历了史前时期私有财产的出现和财产规范的萌芽、吐蕃王朝时期的初创、分裂割据时期的发展和教派时期的成熟四个发展阶段,并对藏族古代财产法的两大法律渊源——藏族古代成文法、习惯法中财产方面的法律规范进行阐述。其次,本文对藏族古代财产法的主体及财产的分类进行叙述,阐释和分析了吐蕃王朝时期和西藏农奴制社会时期不同的财产法主体,并对土地、牲畜、奴隶和其他财产等财产的种类和特点进行叙述和分析。再次,本文对财产法的两大组成部分——藏族古代的物权制度和债权制度分别进行论述。藏族古代物权制度部分对藏族古代的物权种类、各种财产的所有权及其演变过程、藏族古代用益物权和担保物权进行介绍和分析。藏族古代债权制度包括两部分：藏族古代侵权行为之债部分对西藏古代债权制度的发展、债的分类等问题进行阐述,阐释了藏族古代侵权行为法的历史发展历程、藏族古代侵权行为之债的构成要件和归责原则、种类、损害赔偿及免责事由等；藏族古代契约之债部分分析了藏族古代的契约之债的种类及特点,并对买卖契约、借贷契约、借用契约、雇佣契约、互易契约、其他契约及契约的担保等问题进行分析。最后,本文论述了藏族古代财产法的特点及影响因素,特别是藏族游牧文化及其移动性和游牧生计方式对藏族古代财产法的主体、物权、债权等制度产生的影响,并对藏族古代财产法作为藏族古代法制组成部分的一般特点进行讨论。
[Abstract]:Tibetan ancient property law is an important part of Tibetan traditional legal culture. As early as in the 20th Law of the Tubo Dynasty in the sixth and seventh centuries of the Yuan, the six codes and the 36 system, as well as the Tubo three laws unearthed in Dunhuang, there have been written laws concerning the economic development of agriculture and animal husbandry, land, pastures, and so on. The principles of ownership, use, sale, loan contract, "repayment of debts on schedule" and "fair balance" of livestock and other property, compensation for property infringement, and recovery of theft, A series of unique legal norms and systems of Tibetan civil property, such as the settlement of property disputes and litigation. By studying the process of the occurrence, development and evolution of Tibetan ancient property law, this paper analyzes the content of civil property in different historical stages of Tibetan society, tribal customary law and rural regulations. This paper studies the property legal systems such as the civil subject system, the real right system, the creditor's right system, the tort liability system, and the civil property relations under the Tibetan ancient property law system, which once existed in the history of the Tibetan people. In order to explore the characteristics of Tibetan ancient property law culture under the background of Tibetan nomadic culture. First of all, this paper discusses the evolution and origin of Tibetan ancient property law. Tibetan ancient property law experienced the emergence of private property and the germination of property norms in the prehistoric period, and the start-up of Tubo Dynasty. The development of sectarian period and the maturity of sectarian period are divided into four stages, and the two main legal sources of Tibetan ancient property law-Tibetan ancient statute law and the legal norm of property in customary law, are expounded. Secondly, this paper describes the main body of Tibetan ancient property law and the classification of property, explains and analyzes the different subjects of property law in Tubo Dynasty and Tibetan serfdom period, and analyzes the land, livestock, and so on. The types and characteristics of property, such as slaves and other property, are described and analysed. Thirdly, this paper discusses the real right system and creditor's right system of Tibetan ancient times, which are the two major components of property law. The part of Tibetan ancient real right system introduces and analyzes the types of Tibetan ancient real rights, the ownership and evolution of all kinds of property, Tibetan ancient usufruct and security rights. The ancient Tibetan creditor's right system consists of two parts: the debt part of Tibetan ancient tort has expounded the development of Tibetan ancient creditor's right system and the classification of debt, and has explained the historical development course of Tibetan ancient tort law. The constitution elements and imputation principle of the debts of the ancient Tibetan tort, the types, the compensation for damages and the reasons for exemption from liability, and so on; The part of Tibetan ancient contract debt analyzes the types and characteristics of Tibetan ancient contract debt, and analyzes the sale and purchase contract, loan contract, employment contract, reciprocal contract, other contracts and the guarantee of contract, and other issues such as purchase and sale contract, loan contract, employment contract, reciprocal contract, other contracts and the guarantee of contract. Finally, this paper discusses the characteristics and influencing factors of Tibetan ancient property law, especially the influence of Tibetan nomadic culture and its mobility and nomadic means of livelihood on the main body, real right, creditor's right and other systems of Tibetan ancient property law. The general characteristics of Tibetan ancient property law as an integral part of Tibetan ancient legal system were discussed.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D90-052;D929
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本文编号：2466853