欧盟法与国际法的冲突和协调——基于欧洲法院近期典型判例的诠释

发布时间：2019-06-15 19:21

【摘要】：欧盟的成立和运作一直以国际法为基础,且欧盟基础条约将"尊重和发展国际法"奉为欧盟对外行动的总体目标,以至于国际社会经常将欧盟视为国际法律秩序的"建构者"。但是,近年来欧洲法院作出的一系列涉及欧盟法和国际法冲突的裁决令国际社会疑窦丛生。欧洲法院基于维护欧盟法"自主性"的考虑,倾向于否认多边条约、或限制国际习惯法规则在司法审查中的作用。这些"内向型"的裁决虽然在欧盟法体系内并没有实质性地偏离以往的判例法,但由于涉及海洋环境保护、国际和平与安全,以及气候变化领域的核心多边公约和国际习惯法规则,欧盟尊重国际法的良好形象难免受到了一定程度的损害。为了协调欧盟法和国际法的冲突,欧洲法院未来不妨尝试依据"功能继承原则"、"实施原则"和"一致解释原则",扩大国际法在欧盟法律体系中的适用空间,以切实彰显其"尊重和发展国际法"的宪法定位。
[Abstract]:The establishment and operation of the European Union has always been based on international law, and the basic treaties of the European Union regard "respect for and development of international law" as the overall goal of EU foreign action, so that the international community often regards the EU as the "architect" of the international legal order. However, in recent years, the European Court of Justice has issued a series of rulings involving conflicts between EU law and international law, which have caused suspicion in the international community. Based on the consideration of safeguarding the "autonomy" of EU law, the European Court of Justice tends to deny multilateral treaties or limit the role of international customary rules in judicial review. Although these "introverted" decisions do not deviate materially from the previous case law within the EU law system, due to the protection of the marine environment, international peace and security, as well as the core multilateral conventions and rules of customary international law in the field of climate change, the good image of the EU respecting international law is inevitably damaged to a certain extent. In order to coordinate the conflict between EU law and international law, the European Court of Justice may in the future try to expand the applicable space of international law in the EU legal system according to the principle of functional inheritance, the principle of implementation and the principle of unanimous interpretation, so as to effectively demonstrate its constitutional position of "respecting and developing international law".
【作者单位】：南京大学法学院;
【基金】：作者主持的教育部人文社会科学青年基金项目“欧盟对外关系法与中欧关系的和谐发展”(项目批准号:11YJC820164)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：D95

【共引文献】