美国中立法案研究（1935-1939）
发布时间：2019-06-21 04:48
【摘要】：在美国建国初期，外交政策深受殖民地时期的商业精神和实用主义的影响。这段时期流行的“中立用的常规”，符合了当时美国奉行的孤立主义外交政策，成为其建国初期外交的核心内容。 一战结束后，国内反战情绪蔓延，为了避免重蹈世界大战的覆辙，美国出台了一系列包括中立条款的法案。20世纪30年代后期，在国内经济危机和动荡国际局势的双重压力下，身为国际主义者的总统罗斯福推出著名的新政。新政涉及国家政治、经济、外交等多个方面，由于传统的孤立主义势力仍不可小觑，涉及对国际事务的态度问题，罗斯福总统签署了一系列中立法案（Neutrality Act），这些法案可以说是政治妥协的产物。直至珍珠港事件爆发，美国参战，这些法案才被正式废除。 法案对国际事务奉行不干涉原则，在中立法案的出台和不断修改的过程之中，总统罗斯福起了举足轻重的作用。为了美国自身的利益，罗斯福通过援引中立法案使得美国的外交政策有一定的“弹性空间”。基于此，二战伊始美国采取了不插手的态度，让北美大陆远离战火的同时，也赢得了大力发展国家经济和对外贸易的机遇。 就内容而言，法案似乎有意或无意的存在着种种漏洞与弊端，表明了美国在这一时期的对外政策。法案并不像传统意义上明确中立权利和义务的国际法，更多的是为了满足保卫国土安全、避免海外市场丢失的需要。 回顾中立法案颁布和修改的历程，罗斯福逐渐在与孤立主义者的斗争中占据了上风，直接表现为总统权力的扩大，法案对于涉及对外贸易方面的限制也越来越少。总体来说，美国在这一时期的中立法案，，体现了深刻的时代印记，以保护本土安全，维护国家利益为出发点，不仅为战后美国的崛起赢得先机，而且对整个国际关系也产生了深远的影响。
[Abstract]:In the early days of the founding of the United States, foreign policy was deeply influenced by the commercial spirit and pragmatism of the colonial period. The popular "neutral convention" during this period was in line with the isolationist foreign policy pursued by the United States at that time and became the core content of its diplomacy in the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China. After World War I, anti-war sentiment spread at home. In order to avoid repeating the mistakes of the World War, the United States introduced a series of bills including neutral clauses. In the late 1930s, under the dual pressure of the domestic economic crisis and the volatile international situation, President Roosevelt, an internationalist, launched the famous New deal. The New deal involves many aspects, such as national politics, economy, diplomacy and so on. Because the traditional isolationist forces can not be underestimated, involving the attitude towards international affairs, President Roosevelt signed a series of neutral legislation (Neutrality Act), which can be said to be the product of political compromise. It was not until Pearl Harbor broke out and the United States went to war that these bills were formally repealed. The bill adheres to the principle of non-interference in international affairs, and President Roosevelt played an important role in the process of introducing and revising the neutral bill. For the benefit of the United States, Roosevelt made American foreign policy flexible by invoking the neutralization Act. Based on this, at the beginning of World War II, the United States adopted a non-meddling attitude to keep the North American continent away from the war, but also won the opportunity to vigorously develop the national economy and foreign trade. In terms of content, the bill seems to have a variety of loopholes and drawbacks, indicating the foreign policy of the United States during this period. Unlike international law, which traditionally defines neutral rights and obligations, the bill is more designed to meet the need to defend homeland security and avoid the loss of overseas markets. Looking back on the process of enacting and amending the neutrality Act, Roosevelt gradually gained the upper hand in the struggle against isolationists, which was directly manifested in the expansion of presidential power, and the restrictions on foreign trade were becoming less and less. On the whole, the neutrality Act of the United States in this period embodied a profound imprint of the times, taking the protection of local security and safeguarding national interests as the starting point, which not only won the lead for the rise of the United States after the war, but also had a profound impact on the whole international relations.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D971.2
本文编号：2503800
[Abstract]:In the early days of the founding of the United States, foreign policy was deeply influenced by the commercial spirit and pragmatism of the colonial period. The popular "neutral convention" during this period was in line with the isolationist foreign policy pursued by the United States at that time and became the core content of its diplomacy in the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China. After World War I, anti-war sentiment spread at home. In order to avoid repeating the mistakes of the World War, the United States introduced a series of bills including neutral clauses. In the late 1930s, under the dual pressure of the domestic economic crisis and the volatile international situation, President Roosevelt, an internationalist, launched the famous New deal. The New deal involves many aspects, such as national politics, economy, diplomacy and so on. Because the traditional isolationist forces can not be underestimated, involving the attitude towards international affairs, President Roosevelt signed a series of neutral legislation (Neutrality Act), which can be said to be the product of political compromise. It was not until Pearl Harbor broke out and the United States went to war that these bills were formally repealed. The bill adheres to the principle of non-interference in international affairs, and President Roosevelt played an important role in the process of introducing and revising the neutral bill. For the benefit of the United States, Roosevelt made American foreign policy flexible by invoking the neutralization Act. Based on this, at the beginning of World War II, the United States adopted a non-meddling attitude to keep the North American continent away from the war, but also won the opportunity to vigorously develop the national economy and foreign trade. In terms of content, the bill seems to have a variety of loopholes and drawbacks, indicating the foreign policy of the United States during this period. Unlike international law, which traditionally defines neutral rights and obligations, the bill is more designed to meet the need to defend homeland security and avoid the loss of overseas markets. Looking back on the process of enacting and amending the neutrality Act, Roosevelt gradually gained the upper hand in the struggle against isolationists, which was directly manifested in the expansion of presidential power, and the restrictions on foreign trade were becoming less and less. On the whole, the neutrality Act of the United States in this period embodied a profound imprint of the times, taking the protection of local security and safeguarding national interests as the starting point, which not only won the lead for the rise of the United States after the war, but also had a profound impact on the whole international relations.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：D971.2
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前2条
1 王贵正;;三十年代的美国绥靖政策[J];吉林师大学报;1979年02期
2 文佳;;浅析美国建国初期孤立主义思想的成因[J];南昌教育学院学报;2012年03期
本文编号：2503800
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